The effects of the mixing of an active material and a conductive additive on the electrochemical performance of an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode were investigated. Coin-type EDLC cells with an organic electrolyte were fabricated using the electrode samples with different ball-milling times for the mixing of an active material and a conductive additive. The ball-milling time had a strong influence on the electrochemical performance of the EDLC electrode. The homogeneous mixing of the active material and the conductive additive by ball-milling was very important to obtain an efficient EDLC electrode. However, an EDLC electrode with an excessive ball-milling time displayed low electrical conductivity due to the characteristic change of a conductive additive, leading to poor electrochemical performance. The mixing of an active material and a conductive additive played a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of EDLC electrode. The optimal ball-milling time contributed to a homogeneous mixing of an active material and a conductive additive, leading to good electrochemical performance of the EDLC electrode.

This study was estimated for cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae in Brassica campestris L. var. rapa (L.) Hartm. in order to institute of Economic injury levels(EILs). B. brassicae was innoculated on April 29, in differently 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 adults per ten plant, respectively. After inoculated of B. brassicae, the density was increased until harvest ing gradually in all plots except non innoculate plot. and Higher inoculation density were increased higher than lower inoculation density. Percentage of damage leaf was higher in plots with higher initial aphid density than in plots with lower initial aphid density. And the leaf weight of commodity were decreased in higher initial aphid density. The decreasing rates of leaf weight of commodity was increased with increasing initial aphid density. The relationship between initial B. brassicae densities and the decreasing rates of leaf weight of commodity was well described by a linear regression, Y=0.8416X-3.5147, R2=0.94. Based on the relationship, the number of adults per 10 plant which can cause 5% loss of yield was estimated to be approximately 10.1. And EILs was estimated to be approximately 1.0 adults/plant in late April.

May-Thurner syndrome is caused by blockade of local venous flow due to local vascular intimal proliferation, caused by repeated pulsatile compression of the iliac or iliofemoral vein between the iliac artery and the lumbar spine. In this case, we confirmed May-Thurner syndrome using lower extremity computed tomographic angiography and venography. However, on venography, it was impossible to distinguish the left iliac vein from the collateral vein; a thrombus was also seen, although some of the thrombus was not seen clearly. These problems were overcome with use of intravascular ultrasound. We report on intravascular ultrasound guided treatment of May-Thurner syndrome.