This study was conducted to calculate the damage of Italian ryegrass (IRG) by abnormal climate using machine learning and present the damage through the map. The IRG data collected 1,384. The climate data was collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration Meteorological data open portal.The machine learning model called xDeepFM was used to detect IRG damage. The damage was calculated using climate data from the Automated Synoptic Observing System (95 sites) by machine learning. The calculation of damage was the difference between the Dry matter yield (DMY)normal and DMYabnormal. The normal climate was set as the 40-year of climate data according to the year of IRG data (1986~2020). The level of abnormal climate was set as a multiple of the standard deviation applying the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard. The DMYnormal was ranged from 5,678 to 15,188 kg/ha. The damage of IRG differed according to region and level of abnormal climate with abnormal temperature, precipitation, and wind speed from -1,380 to 1,176, -3 to 2,465, and -830 to 962 kg/ha, respectively. The maximum damage was 1,176 kg/ha when the abnormal temperature was -2 level (+1.04℃), 2,465 kg/ha when the abnormal precipitation was all level and 962 kg/ha when the abnormal wind speed was -2 level (+1.60 ㎧). The damage calculated through the WMO method was presented as an map using QGIS. There was some blank area because there was no climate data. In order to calculate the damage of blank area, it would be possible to use the automatic weather system (AWS), which provides data from more sites than the automated synoptic observing system (ASOS).

세계기독교(World Christianity, 지구촌기독교) 논의는 20세기 후반 매스미디어, 통신, 교통의 빠른 발달로 전지구적인 기독교를 처음으로 인식하면서 시작되었다. 특별히 지난 30여 년간 많은 역사학 과 선교학자들 간의 통전적인 연구는 우리가 서구문명 중심적인 시각에 서 벗어나 지구전체의 차원에서 기독교를 바라보도록 근본적으로 도전 하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 세계기독교 현상의 핵심적인 신학적 특성을 글로벌(Global)과 로컬(Loca)의 합성어인 글로컬리티(Glocality)라 고 주장하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 ‘세계기독교의 대두’ 현상에 대해서 간략하게 언급하고, 세계기독교가 탄생하게 된 사회문화적배경 (socio-cultural context)을 살펴보겠다. 다음으로 글로컬리티에 대 한 어원연구와 함께 앤드류 월스(Andrew Walls), 라민 사네(Lamin Sanneh), 뱅트 순드클러(Bengt Sundkler)와 같은 신학자들이 어떤 식으로 글로컬리티 이해를 발전시켰는지를 탐구할 것이다. 끝으로 글로컬리티가 왜 세계기독교를 이해하는데 중요한 특성이 되는지, 이것이 오늘날 각 지역의 기독교인들이 자신들의 전통을 더욱 풍부히 인식하게 만드는 결과가 되는지를 밝히도록 하겠다.

Fly ash consists of various metal oxides which can remove SO2 gas by the catalyst effect. When fly ash is added in the preparation process of pitch-based activated carbon, the pitch particles aggregate and fly ash is embedded in the activated carbon. To increase SO2 gas removal performance, activated carbon was prepared by surface-treated fly ash and petroleum-based pitch. Carboxyl groups were introduced into the fly ash by malic acid treatment. The introduced carboxyl groups acted as an activation agent to create micropore around the fly ash, and created micropores were exposed to the fly ash outside of the activated carbon. The exposed fly ash increased removal amount of SO2 gas by a catalytic effect of the metal oxides. The SO2 gas removal performance improved by 34% because of the catalyst effect of the exposed fly ash and improvement in the micropore structure in the activated carbon.

상업적 영농을 하는 양돈농가는 돼지의 생산비를 줄이면서 소비자들이 선호하는 고품질의 고기를 생산하는 것이 소득증 대에 있어서 무엇보다 중요한 일이다. 이에 농림축산식품부는 돼지도체를 1+, 1, 2 및 등외등급으로 판정하고, 그 결과에 따라 농가수취가격을 차등화함으로써 고품질 돼지고기 생산을 촉진하기 위해서 돼지고기 도체등급제도를 시행하고 있으며, 돼지도체의 체중과 등지방두께를 기준으로 1차 등급판정을 한 다. 가장 높은 등급인 1+ 등급은 돼지의 탕박 기준으로 도체 중이 83-93 kg, 등지방두께가 17~25 mm이다. 축산물등급판정 통계연보에 의하면, 2018년 경락단가가 가장 높은 평균 도체 중량은 암퇘지가 83.5 kg, 거세돼지가 77.8 kg이었으며, 평균 등지방두께는 암퇘지가 19.2 mm, 거세돼지가 20.3 mm인 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 거세돼지와 암퇘지에 대한 분산분석, 육량변수와 육질변수 사이의 개별 상관관계, 그리고 육량변수세트와 육질 변수세트 사이의 정준상관분석을 수행하였다. 먼저 분산분석의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 돼지의 육량 및 육질특성변수들에 있어서 성별 차이를 분석한 결과는 등지방두께는 거세돼지가 암퇘지보다 0.14㎜ 두꺼웠다(P<0.05). 둘째, 육즙감량과 가열감량은 거세돼지가 암퇘지보다 많았다 (P<0.05). 셋째, 보수력, 콜라겐함량, 지방함량, 수분함량, 단백질함량 및 전단가는 암퇘지가 거세돼지보다 높았다 (P<0.05). 육량특성과 육질특성 사이의 상관분석 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 도체중이 무거울수록 등지방두께가 두껍고, 육즙감량이 많이 생기지만, 가열감량은 줄어드는 관계를 갖는다 (P<0.01). 둘째, 등지방두께가 두꺼울수록 지방함량이 늘어나고, 육즙 감량이 많이 생기지만, 콜라겐함량, 수분함량, 단백질함량 및 가열감량과는 음(-)의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다 (P<0.01). 셋째, 수분함량과 지방함량의 상관관계가 가장 높았으며 (0.793), 이어서 단백질함량과 지방함량의 상관관계가 높았지만 (0.634), 이들 함량 간에서는 서로 음(-)의 관계를 보이고 있다 (P<0.01). 마지막으로 정준상관분석의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 육량특성변수 짝과 육질특성변수 짝 사이에 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다 (P<0.01). 둘째, 등지방두께(BFT)가 높으면 지방함량과 육즙감량은 높은 반면, 수분함량, 단백질함량, 가열감량, 콜라겐함량, 전단가 및 보수력이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과에 따르면, 소비자들은 지방함량이 많으면서 수분손실이 많은 돼지고기와 단백질함량과 콜라겐함량이 적은 돼지고기는 기피할 수 있다는 점을 간과하여서는 안 될 것이다. 특히 국내 돼지도체등급은 1차적으로 돼지도체중량과 등지방두께를 평가한 이후, 육질항목을 평가하여 최종등급이 판정 되고 있기 때문에 우선적으로 육량지수인 도체중량과 등지방 두께를 적절하게 관리하는 것이 소비자의 요구를 충족하면서 농가의 생산비 절감 및 농가수취가격상승에 의한 소득증대로 이어지는 중요한 요인이 된다는 사실에 주목할 필요가 있다.

This study was conducted to investigate effect of feeding beet pulp on reproductive performance, colostrum composition and microbiological characteristics in sows. A total of 12 sows(Landrace×Yorkshire) were randomly allotted three dietary treatments at gestating 90 days. The diets were prepared by adding 0, 5 and 10% of the beet pulp in basal diets. The pigs fed 5% beet pulp showed higher litter size than the 0 and 10% beet pulp treatments, although there was not significant among the treatments. Similarly, birth and 21days weight in piglet were not different among the treatments. In colostrum fat, protein, lactose, citric acid, solid, ffa, true protein were ranged to reference values, but not difference among the treatments. E.coli of feces was lower(P<0.01) in the 5% beet pulp than the 0 and 10% beet pulp treatments. But no effect was observed on Lactobacilli of feces among dietary treatments. These our results indicate the beet pulp has no significant effect of reproductive performance and colostrum composition in sows. But, 5% level beet pulp is effective for reduction of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms.

The seroprevalence of major infectious abortion agents was investigated in native Korean goats from Jeonnam province using ELISA. A total of 98 blood samples were collected from goats. Overall, 48 (49.0%), 11 (11.2%), and 1 (1.0%) serum samples tested positive for C. burnetii, T. gondii, and C. abortus, respectively, while none of the samples were positive for B. abortus or N. caninum. Moreover, a PCR assay conducted to detect C. burnetii antigens in goats with a history of abortion revealed 18 (38.3%) of 47 goats were C. burnetii positive by both the ELISA and PCR assay.

The purpose of this study compared the ability of feedback breathing training (FBT) and balloon blowing training to enhance the breathing of elderly people. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into a feedback breathing training group (FBTG) and a balloon blowing training group (BBTG). Each group trained 3 times a week for 4 weeks, with the training suspended during the last 2 weeks. Pulmonary function measurements were obtained before the test and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the test: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and vital capacity (VC). A repeatedmeasures ANOVA was conducted for the significance test. The FBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. The BBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. In conclusion, An at home breathing rehabilitation program, in addition to balloon blowing, could increase the breathing performance of elderly people.

Osteoclasts originated from hematopoietic stem cells are multi-nucleated cells that can resorb the bone matrix. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway is crucial for the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. In this study, we investigated for the first time whether or not RANKL induced mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) phosphorylation at Ser 376. Activation of MSK1 was detected as soon as 5 min after RANKL stimulation and sparsely detected at 30 min after stimulation. RANKL-induced MSK1 phosphorylation occurred in a dose-dependent manner. MSK1 is known as a downstream signaling molecule of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Treatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 significantly suppressed c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) induction upon RANKL stimulation. In addition, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation was extremely inhibited by H89 treatment. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been investigated for induction of MSK1 phosphorylation. Specific signaling pathway inhibitors for p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) significantly blocked RANKL-induced MSK1 activation. Finally, as a downstream effector of the p38-MSK1 pathway, c-Fos transcriptional activity was determined. RANKL-mediated elevation of c-Fos transcriptional activity was significantly suppressed by p38 inhibitor. Moreover, a dominant negative form of CREB suppressed activation of NFATc1. In conclusion, RANKL-stimulated MSK1 phosphorylation could play a role in induction of NFATc1 through CREB and c-Fos activation as a downstream molecule of p38, ERK MAPKs, and PKA. Our results support basic information for the development of osteoclast specific inhibitors.