페로몬에 기반한 해충방제 기술은 페로몬이 동정되는 곤충의 수가 지수적으로 증가함에 따라 더욱 성공가능성이 높은 전략이 되고 있다. 이 연구는 애기유리나방, [Synanthedon tenuis (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)]의 성페로몬((Z, Z )-3, 13-octadecadien-1-ol.)에 의한 화학 통신교란(pheromone-mediated chemical communication disruption, PCD)의 효과에 대한 것이다. 본 PCD법은 우리나라 전남 순천과 경 남 진주의 2곳의 단감 과수원에서 2016년과 2017년에 총 4회 수행되었으며, PCD의 효과는 성페로몬 처리구와 무처리구에서의 평가용 트랩 포 획수로 나타내었다. 성페로몬 처리구의 평가용 트랩에 유인된 수컷 성충수는 무처리구에 유인된 수보다 유의하게 적었으며, 유인수 감소효과는 95.2~100% (평균 98.8±1.2%)이었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 성페로몬에 기반한 애기유리나방의 방제가 가능할 것으로 판단된다

Females of adzuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), a cosmopolitan field-to-storage pest of legumes, release sex pheromone consisting of two isomeric components, 2Z-homofarnesal and 2E-homofarnesal. Two day old virgin ABB adults were exposed to sub-lethal fumigation doses (LC25=0.0056 and LC50=0.0076 mgL-1) of phosphine (PH3) to evaluate the effects on adult longevity, fertility and sex pheromone production. Longevity (female; P < 0.001, male; P < 0.001), fecundity (P < 0.001) and sterility (P < 0.001) were significantly affected. The GC-MS for solid phase micro extraction exhibited the significant reduction of release of both of the pheromone components; 2Z-homofarnesal (P < 0.0038) and 2E-homofarnesal (P = 0.0009) when the females were exposed to LC25 dose of PH3. This study unveils the detrimental effects of PH3 fumigation on some of the biological parameters of ABB.

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is a serious pest of berry fruits and grapes in East-Asia and USA. SWD female oviposits eggs into the skin of ripening fruits, and the larvae dig a burrow inside the fruits. Secondary infestation by other insects and pathogens to the oviposition spots cause substantial economic damages worldwide. SWD has recently been spreading to Europe and USA, and it is becoming a global threat in terms of biosecurity. A quite useful paper has been published in Journal of Chemical Ecology in the most recent issue (Vol. 44, #10) which is titled ‘Advances in the chemical ecology of the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) and its applications’ written by Cloona et al. This article introduces chemical constituents from many odor sources such as fermentation, yeast, fruit, and leaf sources, and commercial lures and traps developed using these compounds. Authors said that the current food-based lures and trap technologies are not expected to be specific to SWD and thus capture large numbers of non-target drosophilids. Attractive and aversive compounds are being evaluated for monitoring, mass trapping, and for the development of attract-and-kill and push-pull techniques to manage SWD populations. (Supported by PJ011756022018, RDA)

Azuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is a cosmopolitan field-to-storage pest of legumes. Its female sex pheromone consists of two isomeric components, 2Z-homofarnesal and 2E-homofarnesal. Two day old virgin adults were exposed to sub-lethal fumigation doses (LC25=2.80 and LC50=3.32 mgL-1) of ethyl formate (EF) to see the effects on adult longevity, fecundity, sterility and female sex pheromone production. Longevity (female; P < 0.001, male; P < 0.001), fecundity (P < 0.001) and sterility (P < 0.001) were significantly affected. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for solid phase micro extraction revealed that release of both of the pheromone components were not affected by LC25 dose of EF. However, the fecundity (per female/day) was significantly (P < 0.001) stimulated by the tested EF doses when the female adults were treated irrespective of the male treatment, probably revealing a hormetic effect. This study provides insight into the effect of EF fumigation on biological activities of C. chinensis.

Azuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is a field-to-storage pest of legumes and its female produces sex pheromone with two isomeric components, 2Z-homofarnesal and 2E-homofarnesal. Two day old virgin adults were exposed to 0, 200, 300, 400, 500 & 600 Gy gamma radiation and effect on longevity, fecundity, sterility and pheromone production were studied. Longevity (female; P < 0.001, male; P < 0.001) and fecundity (P < 0.001) were dose-dependently affected by the gamma irradiation. Both adults were totally sterilized by the tested doses of gamma irradiation as depicted by the null hatchability of laid eggs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for solid phase micro extraction revealed that both of the pheromone components were significantly but not completely reduced by 300 Gy. It is a pre-requisite for a successful sterile insect technology that the sterility of ABB is induced without the total disruption of calling behavior.

Azuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is a field-to-storage pest of legumes. It is ideal to estimate its field population before it invades the stored legume stuffs. The seasonal occurrence was monitored with rocket traps supplied with synthetic female sex pheromone and with sweep netting during 2015-2016. Harvest damage was evaluated by taking purposive samples of the pods at harvest. Over-wintering stage was identified from the pod samples of left over plants. The results ascertained that October was the peak season of ABB in the azuki bean field. Grain damage and weight loss of the harvested azuki bean were 2.7% and 2.4% respectively, which could be the inoculum for storage loss. The adult emergence only from live pupae collected from pods revealed for its most probable over-wintering stage. In all, this study provides insight into some field ecological parameters of ABB that could be helpful in adopting its management strategies.

Plant essential oils (EOs) exhibit an array of biological activities against insect pests. However, their negative influences on the pheromonal activity of azuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchus chinensis L., the field-to-storage pest of legumes, have not received research attentions. We evaluated the effects of three EOs and their two major components on the attractiveness of male ABBS to synthetic homofarnesal (2E- : 2Z-homofarnesal = 6:4) using Y-tube olfactometry in laboratory and rocket traps in the semi-open vinyl house. The tested EOs of Illicium verum, Croton anisatum and Gaultheria fragrantissima as well as the major components, trans-anethole and methyl salicylate ascertained significant negative effect against homofarnesal both in Y-tube olfactometry and in semi-open vinyl house tracing out a new opportunity of integrating them in ABB management programs both in field and storage.

Ethyl formate (EF) and methyl salicylate (MS) are naturally occurring and generally safe substances for use. Sub-lethaldoses of EF and MS were evaluated to find synergistic fumigation action against azuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchuschinensis (L.). Susceptibility of the ABB to EF was in the order of eggs =adults >larvae >pupae. Adults was most sensitiveto MS, and followed by eggs. Larvae and pupae were highly tolerant to MS. However, in synergistic effects of EF andMS showed that all the stages of ABB were highly sensitive in the order of adults >eggs >larvae >pupae. Highest synergisticratio was found against adults when using LC10 of both EF and MS as compared to other stages. Notably, MS synergizedthe EF exposure to all stages of ABB. This finding paves the way to exploiting synergistic activity of MS and EF againstABB for the safeguard of stored azuki bean grains.

주남 습지대(6.02 km 2 ) 곤충상의 다양도, 우점도, 풍부도 등을 습지대 내 3곳의 습지에서 조사하였다. 조사방법으로는 육안조사와 쓸어잡기 는 2010년, 말레이즈 트랩 조사는 2011년, 유아등 조사와 함정트랩 조사는 2012년에 실시하였다. 총 14目 141科 574種의 9,269 개체 (딱정벌레목 36.3%, 나비목 21.3%, 잠자리목 13.9%)가 조사되었다. 種數로 비교해 보면, 나비목이 31.2%로 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 딱정벌레목(28.0%) 노린 재목(12.9%) 순이었다. 우점종(총 조사개체에 대한 각 종의 개체수 비율)은 애넓적물땡땡이(Enochrus simulans, 7.9%), 꼬마줄물방개(Hydaticus grammicus, 4.3%), 일본잎벌레(Galerucella nipponensis, 4.1%), 연물명나방(Elophila interruptalis, 3.1%), 양봉꿀벌(Apis mellifera, 2.2%) 순이었 다. 세 곳의 습지에서 조사된 딱정벌레목, 나비목, 잠자리목 곤충의 수는 매우 많았지만 세 습지 간에 차이는 없었다. 주남 습지대의 곤충다양도(H’), 풍부도(RI)는 각각 5.04, 59.10이었다.

The female azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L., a worldwide notorious pest of azuki beans produces sex pheromone having two isomer compounds; (2Z,6E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienals (2Z-homofarnesal) and (2E,6E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienals (2E-homofarnesal). We synthesized and evaluated the attractiveness of different blends of the two isomeric compounds using Y-olfactometry in laboratory and rocket traps in the field. The attractiveness pattern of the tested blends in Y-olfactometry was found as 1:9≥6:4>9:1 of 2E-:2Z-homofarnesal. Under field condition also, the 6:4 blend was more attractive than 9:1 blend. The result ascertained the enhanced pheromonal activity of homofarnesal with the increased ratio of Z-component in the blend. This provides an opportunity to synthesize Z-rich homofarnresal with less sophisticated and economically feasible Z-selective method.

Fumigant toxicities of 20 plant essential oils, and fumigant and contact toxicities of the components of active oils and their analogues against adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were investigated. Fumigant toxicity varied with plant essential oils and concentrations. The 24-h LC50 values against adult C. chinensis were 3.14, 6.68, 8.59, 8.90 and 10.23 mg/L air concentration for Gaultheria fragrantissima, Illicium verum, Croton anisatum, Aniba roseodora, and Bursea delpechiana, respectively. To elucidate structure-activity relationship of methyl salicylate (MS) and trans-anethole (tA), fumigant and contact toxicities of MS, methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate (M3HB), methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (M4HB), methyl 2-methoxybenzoate (M2MB), methyl 2-acetoxysalicylate (M2AS), methyl benzoate (MB), salicylic acid (SA), trans-anethole (tA) and 1-methoxy-4-propylbenzene (PB) were investigated. The 24-h LC50 values of fumigant toxicity were 3.48, 5.36, 6.39 and 9.27 mg/L air concentration for MS, MB, tA and PB, respectively. The 24-h LD50 values (µg/beetle) of contact toxicity were 28.89, 33.27, 33.56, 44.81 56.31, 38.59 and 69.20 for MS, M2AB, M2MB, MB, SA, tA and PB, respectively. Structural differences were identified that may contribute to understanding the insecticidal activities of methyl salicylate and trans-anethole.