The current study explores the potential of the collaborative reflection of the teacher, colleagues, and students in promoting teacher expertise. To this effect, the authors first created a principled set of checklists on six domains of teacher expertise by synthesizing relevant literature. Then they developed protocols for collaborative reflection. These tools were applied to a middle school English teacher’s reflective practice, involving the teacher participating in stimulated recall sessions of her own classes, writing reflection journals, and receiving feedback from her colleagues and students. The results show that collaborative reflection has high potentials for mediating the teacher’s cognitive and affective changes, leading to behavioral ones. This suggests that collaborative reflection, when relevant institutional prerequisites are met, can take an instrumental role in promoting teacher expertise.

본 연구에서는 TCM-199, mSOF, NCSU-23 세 종류의 배지의 자연 단위 발생 유도로 형성된 돼지 배아의 초기 발육에 대한 효과를 조사하였다. 실험 1에서는 세 종류의 배지에서 체외 성숙된 도축장 유래 돼지 난자의 성숙율을 성숙 48 시간째 핵상 관찰로 조사하였다. 각 배지에서의 핵 성숙율은 mSOF군에서 83.12%, NCSU-23 군에서 78.03%, TCM-199군에서 83.52%로 세 배지의 난자 성숙율에 대한 유의적 차이는 없었다(P

Transgenic animals production tools have been valuable for research and purpose. The current methods of gene transfer, microinjection and nuclear transfer, which are widely used in transgenic animal production, but all most methods has only had limited success in production of larger species. Here, we report the possibility of a sperm-mediated gene transfer method in porcine embryos. Oocytes were collected from ovaries harvested at a local slaughterhouse were matured in 500 drops of TCM-199 under mineral oil at 38.5 in a humidified atmosphere of 5%CO2 in air. After 42-43h of in vitro maturation oocytes were denuded. for sperm injection into the cytoplasm of the porcine oocytes, sperm suspension in NIM medium are subjected extraction with TritonX-100 before mixing with a green fluorescent gene (GFP). Sperm with Tritonx-100 were prepared by adding TritonX-100 to a final volume of 0.05% in the sperm suspension and mixing by trituration for 60s before two wishes in NIM medium at 2. A(ter wishing, sperm were mixed with TritonX-100 at followed by washes at 2. Sperm were resuspended in ice cold NIM to a final volume of 400 and 2-20ng/ DNA were triturated on ice for 60s. All microinjection was performed in HEPES-buffered CZB medium at room temperature within 2h. After culture in NCSU-23 for 72h, percent of porcine embryos transfected GFP gene are 20.7%(6/29) in 20ng/ sperm-DNA mixed group and other groups were 3.7 %(2/54)and 4.7%(3/67). These data suggests that sperm-mediated gene transfer method should be used to the production tool of transgenic pig efficiently.