The development of conceptual frameworks for fairness in language testing has significantly expanded the scope of discussions on fairness. Empirical research motivated by these theories, however, has been minimal. There is no research, for example, that thoroughly examines the perceptions of test takers concerning fairness as outlined in the frameworks. Taking the context of the admissions officer system of universities in Korea, this paper looks at how the information released by universities before their exams affect students’ perceptions of test fairness. Furthermore, the paper attempts to examine the washback of such perceptions as test-takers prepare for the test. Two Korean universities that conducted written tasks for its early admissions processes were selected. Participants were six actual test-takers, who were extensively surveyed and interviewed. The results show that students placed much more faith in the assessment when the information regarding the test construct was relayed in a clear and consistent manner. Such results suggest that test developers need to pay acute attention to the information they provide to test-takers prior to the test, and that test-takers should be aware of the rights that they have regarding the disclosure of test information.

This study examined the use of conjunctions in Korean high school EFL learners’ writings in two discourse modes–description and argument. A corpus of seventy-six descriptive essays and eighty argumentative essays was developed, in which the essays were rated based on their cohesiveness and divided into three groups by their grades. Conjunctions were analyzed based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework: additive, adversative, causal, and temporal conjunctions. The results revealed different trends of using conjunctions in the two different discourse modes. The descriptive writings with high scores on cohesion tend to exhibit more conjunctions when compared to lower-quality writings, and the argumentative writings with high scores showed fewer conjunctions. The high-quality writings in descriptive mode showed highly frequent uses of additives and adversatives, while those in argumentative mode displayed a lower frequency of additives and a more frequent use of adversative however. Small numbers of causal and temporal conjunctions were used in both discourse modes, and they were particularly limited in descriptive writings regardless of the cohesiveness of writings. This implies that more explicit instructions on causal and temporal conjunctions for each mode are needed in the writing classes. In addition, the scores on cohesion were significantly lower for the descriptive essays than for the argumentative essays, and a much narrower range of conjunctions was employed in descriptive writing. These results suggest a more balanced focus on various discourse modes of writing and the introduction of conjunctions that are appropriate for each mode, since the ability to use conjunctions in one mode does not seem to be automatically transferred to another mode in high school EFL learners’ writings.

The current study explores the potential of the collaborative reflection of the teacher, colleagues, and students in promoting teacher expertise. To this effect, the authors first created a principled set of checklists on six domains of teacher expertise by synthesizing relevant literature. Then they developed protocols for collaborative reflection. These tools were applied to a middle school English teacher’s reflective practice, involving the teacher participating in stimulated recall sessions of her own classes, writing reflection journals, and receiving feedback from her colleagues and students. The results show that collaborative reflection has high potentials for mediating the teacher’s cognitive and affective changes, leading to behavioral ones. This suggests that collaborative reflection, when relevant institutional prerequisites are met, can take an instrumental role in promoting teacher expertise.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, welche Elemente für multikulturellen Unterricht besonders in Bezug auf die Schlüsselkompetenzen für lebenslanges Lernen fundamental und effektiv sind. Nach der Empfehlung des Europäischen Parlaments und Rates sind Schlüsselkompetenzen für lebenslanges Lernen eine Kombination aus Wissen, Fähigkeit und Einstellungen, die an das jeweilige Umfeld angepasst sind. Besonders benötigt werden diese Kompetenzen für die persönliche Entfaltung und Entwicklung, die soziale Eingliederung, den aktiven Bürgersinn und die Beschäftigung. Bis jetzt war es wichtig, dass welche kulturellen Inhalte die Lehrer unterrichtet haben. Aber heutzutage ist es wichtig, dass ‘welche Kompetenzen’im multikulturellen Unterricht betont behandelt werden. Weil interkulturelle Schlüsselkompetenzen sich auf das Verstehen zwischen dem eigenen und fremden Kultur beziehen und dabei die Emotionseffeke der Lernenden wichtig sind. Deswegen wird 3 E-Modell von Tiedt(2010) für den multikuturellen Unterricht hier gezeigt: Esteem, Empathy und Equity auf Englisch. Und in dieser Arbeit werden die Unterrichtsmethode und -strategie im Hinblick auf die Wertschätzung und Empathie mit einigen Schlüsselkompetenzen für lebenslanges Lernen im Kulturunterricht näher untersucht.

The paper observes that grammatical competence has been interpreted as the ability to judge grammaticality ever since the employment of communicative competence as the core basis of curriculum design in the 6th national English curriculum of Korea. It contends that this interpretation is different from what has been widely accepted in the literature on grammatical competence, that is, the ability to understand and express propositional meaning of utterances. The study suggests that a new and fresh look at grammatical competence needs to be taken in developing and implementing the national English curriculum which is to provide English learners in Korea with more potential opportunities for success in acquiring communicative competence.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht aufzuzeigen, was und wie im deutschen Lyrik-Unterricht gelesen und behandelt werden sollte, um den Literaturunterricht in der koreanischen Germanistik als Auslandsgermanistik, den Forderungen der Zeit und den Interessen und Voraussetzungen der Studierenden entsprechend, noch motivierender und belebender zu gestalten. Bei der konkreten Unterrichtsgestaltung ist der Ablauf der vorgeschlagenen Verfahren jedoch nicht zwingend, vielmehr sind Variationen immer möglich. Die Entscheidung über die Reihenfolge einzelner Arbeitsschritte hängen dabei durchaus von den jeweiligen Texten und Unterrichtssituationen sowie vom Wissens- und Kompetenzniveau der jeweiligen Lerngruppe ab. Die vorliegende Arbeit möchte einen Beitrag dazu leisten, die derzeitige problematische Lage des deutschen Literaturunterrichts in Korea zu verbessern, und darüber hinaus den koreanischen Germanisten didaktisch-methodische Orientierungen für einen deutschen Literaturunterricht geben.

“Action-oriented Approach (AA)” as a new teaching method has taken an important role in teaching and learning of French Education during past 10 years. However, even though the new teaching method is very welcome for educators, now it is the time that we have to consider whether the key principle and fundamental notion of this approach is suitable for our language education environments and is theoretically appropriate for education. For that, it is necessary that we have to carefully examine this “Action-oriented Approach” from two points of views. First of all, from the angle of foreign language education, we need to verify whether this new approach could be appropriately applied in teaching and learning of Korean foreign language education or not. Secondly, from a societal perspective, we need to examine how this method, considering language education as everyday life itself, can handle some critical perspectives in the point of “status in quo” of “AA”. It has been criticized that language education as everyday life itself can make learners in everyday life to unconsciously acquire maintaining the ‘status quo’ during actions such as “educational inequality”. It is expected that this kind of examination will suggest us an improved way of “AA” for more effective and appropriate practice of French Education, and will give us an opportunity to think about the better way of teaching and learning model by “AA” in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to suggest orientations, contents and methods for teaching Korean language and culture through local culture. I took a position that using local culture in Korean language education as an L2 diversifies teaching contents and methods and fosters in- and outbound glocalization of Korean language education. First, in chapter Ⅱ, I examined concepts such as local culture, locality, and glocalization with regard to teaching Korean culture as a C2. Next, in chapter Ⅲ, I suggested orientations, contents and methods for teaching Korean language and culture through local culture. Finally, in chapter Ⅳ, I presented two examples of teaching Korean language and culture using local culture. In this paper, I introduced a new perspective on teaching Korean culture as a C2 from which we can systematize various levels of Korean culture and richen contents and methods of Korean language education for nonnative speakers. However, this paper remains as a pioneer attempt at the Korean culture education research related to local culture for the concept of local culture has a wide range for discussion.

The goal of this study is to develop a teaching model for aviation French in the university. This curriculum model focuses on three major features - i.e. linguistic (lexical, phonological and syntactical), situational and cultural- as criteria for teaching. As for the lexical aspect, using Crocker(2014) as the main textbook, as well as in-flight service announcement scripts, the model satisfies the scope of the special vocabulary used in this field. In regard to the phonological aspect, the model uses Crocker(2014)’s main textbook audio files, along with a security video released by Air France in 2015. Regarding the syntactical aspect, this study focuses on ‘the voice’, or ‘the mode’ airline employees generally use, conveying an atmosphere of courtesy and professionalism in their interaction with passengers. The linguistic feature therefore, goes with the situational feature. In addition, the model includes a cultural feature, professions working in the aviation industry will likely encounter. It is important to address frequent cultural mistakes to the learners so that they can appreciate the need to tolerate and respect different cultures. Regarding overall curriculum, the model focuses on listening and reading comprehensions in the first half of the course. But starting from week nine, the model focuses on speaking and writing skills by providing a role play section and a composition section. In the final two weeks, the model requires learners to give presentations on topics related to the air industry.