This article presents an initial review of research (published in English) on the impact, internationally, of English as an additional language (EAL) provision in the school sector. The impact is on English language learners (ELL): children and young people for whom English is an additional language and who are thought to need extra help with English to succeed in the school system. The review looks not only at the impact on children and young people, but also at the nature and efficacy of the teacher workforce, concluding that there are several gaps in provision and in research in the field.

In this paper I want to set out my ideas about translation as re‐contextualization and a Third Space phenomenon and indicate some implications for translator education. The paper is in three parts. In the first part I will look at translation as Re‐contextualization and a Third Space phenomenon. In the second part, I will briefly outline a functional theory of translation as Third Space re‐contextualization. The third and final part of the paper describes a number of suggestions for translator education.

In diesem Beitrag handelt es sich um die Versuche von Peter M. Spangenberg und Niklas Luhmann, die Systemtheorie auf das Teilsystem ‘AV-Medien’ bzw. ‘Massenmedien’ anzuwenden. Zwar definieren die beiden Autoren die Massen- bzw. AV-Medien als ein soziales System, aber bei der Anwendung der Systemtheorie gibt es nicht unwichtige Differenzen zwischen Spangenberg und Luhmann. Spangenberg betont das besondere Verhältnis der AV-Medien zum psychischen System: Obwohl die AV-Medien ein soziales System bilden, dessen Operationsweise die Kommunikation ist, fungieren sie als eine unmittelbare Grundlage für das psychische System. Anders als Spangenberg, der sich mit der Wirkung der AV-Medien auf das psychische System intensiv beschäftigt, setzt sich Luhmann mit der Besonderheit der AV-Medien nicht auseinander: In seiner Definition der Massenmedien als sich zur Verbreitung von Kommunikation technischer Mittel der Vervielfältigung bedienende Einrichtungen sind keine Unterschiede zwischen AV-Medien und beispielsweise Printmedien zu erkennen. Systemtheorie von Luhmann als “Supertheorie” behält jedoch ihre Gültigkeit, indem sie in Teilbereichen ihre konkrete Anwendbarkeit immer wieder unter Beweis stellt. Der Gedankengang von Spangenberg ist hier von einer besonderen Bedeutung, weil er systemtheoretisch operiert und gleichzeitig die Eigenschaften der AV-Medien in Rechnung trägt. So erklärt Spangenberg - durchaus überzeugend - den besonderen Stellenwert der AV-Medien in der modernen Gesellschaft.

This study investigates secondary school English teachers’ perceptions and psychological burdens involved in the implementation of the speaking and writing tests of the National English Ability Test, which is being developed by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The study surveyed 138 secondary school English teachers in Seoul. Although more than half of the teachers were aware of the new test, 18% of the surveyed teachers were not aware of the fact that speaking and writing skills would be assessed in the new test. Also, 22.7% of the teachers were opposed to the productive skills test. More than half (56.2%) of the teachers felt some psychological burdens toward the inclusion of the speaking/writing tests. Although the teachers admitted that serving as raters for the new test would help improve their teaching, the majority of them were reluctant to participate in the actual rating process. The teachers felt that the difficulty of subjective rating and the lack of time for the speaking and writing tests were serious problems in implementing the new test. The teachers were sensitive toward the students’ test anxiety. They also indicated that they feel a strong psychological burden when making judgments on the students' performances. Implications and suggestions are made based on the findings.

The study examined the 2009 overseas program of the SNU Intensive English Teacher Training Program (IETTP) to evaluate overall management and its effects for future improvements. Following an overview of the 2009 overseas program, the present study provides the results of the program survey and English proficiency tests that were conducted on 42 trainees. The results indicated that the program was successful in terms of its management and improving English teachers' English proficiency. Especially, the trainees showed strong satisfaction for school visits, culture excursions, and special lecture series which exposed them to invaluable experience of looking into an English speaking country. Three suggestions were proposed in terms of managing and evaluating the overseas program of the IETTP. First, the IETTP needs to take proaction in identifying the needs of in-service English teachers and to reflect those needs in its overseas program. Second, the IETTP needs to develop a customized overseas program which can best support main goals of its overall six-month training program. Lastly, an evaluation of the program needs to incorporate more than just a survey method to triangulate the outcome of the study.

The autobiographic novel Das verborgene Wort (2001) by a modern german female author, Ulla Hahn (1945-) shows that accepting of literature in one’s early life has both affirmative and dangerous aspects. It has a major influence on establishing the identity of adolescents. They learn strategies for overcoming the reality through literature which is closely related to their reality and possesses a spiritual power. On the other hand, the excessive enthusiasm for literature is responsible for the loss of reality. The protagonist of this novel has these various experiences by book, literature, and language. Not only passionate and engaged reading, but critical and creative reading is also productive for the young protagonist to grow her consciousness. This study observes the process of attempting to overcome the reality through literature language during the childhood and a dynamic function of literature to human life.

The main goal of this study is to examine elementary school students’ four-nights-and-five-days experience at an English village in Seoul, focusing on what English learning experiences they had and what kind of changes had been made in their attitudes towards learning English. Pre- and post-surveys were conducted to examine their learning experiences in the village and the changes in their attitudes toward learning English. About 350 students participated in the pre- and post-surveys and additional ten students also participated in an interview with the researcher to draw more detailed information about their experiences in the English village. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were conducted to answer the main research questions. The results revealed that despite the short term of residence at the English village, the students seemed to have had relatively active engagement in learning both listening and speaking skills, but not as much in learning reading and writing skills. Also, although the village could possibly provide students with rich opportunities to have an active engagement and interaction with peers and English speaking teachers, it seemed that there existed some limitations in having such experiences inside and outside of the classrooms. Finally, students showed some changes in their attitudes or strategies toward learning English after the short term of residence, saying that they wanted to have more diverse engagement with English, such as 'having a conversation with foreigners on the Internet’, ‘keeping a journal in English,’ ‘having a conversation in English with other peers,’ and so on.

The present study aims to examine the realization of language immersion education for FLE (Français Langue Étrangère) and CLE (Coréen Langue Étrangère). Foreign Language teachers’ role has been recently concerned as to find out the interaction between a teacher and a learner in language immersion education. The success of language immersion education depends on the learners’ attitudes and motivation. The learners’ motivation can be enhanced through the electronic sources online made by the nonnative language teachers or through the extra-curricular language activities. The findings of the present study are summarized as follows. First, the teachers must perceive learners’ first language and culture to accomplish a successful interaction. Second, the foreign language policy should favor not only English, but also other various languages as well. Third, the feedback through the self-evaluation should be followed by its purposes and types.

This paper examines the current states of French education in Korea and proposes the future prospect by analysing the causes of a change. The number of students who choose French as a foreign language (FFL) subject decreased in the secondary school education for years. One reason is that the French language is not included as one of the second foreign language subjects in the baccalaureate exam. In the case of secondary school education, there is not much we can do about it unless the government changes the policy about foreign language subjects. At university level education, I propose that students should go further with their education, not only to the French territories, but also to French speaking countries, particularly Africa. Then, we may plan to change a curriculum to include the African culture, for instance. According to students' specific objectives, the department can offer various curricula; the programs and teaching methods of FFL should be defined according to learners' goals. The collaboration with the Embassy of France in Korea is also necessary to overcome the current crisis.