Armor block is used to reduce wave energy. Concrete armor block is prone to be damaged under the ultimate load like typhoon. It is necessary to develop a new type of armor block to enhance to the strength. So, the research of new type armor block..

최근 10년간(2004 2013년) 국내의 조선소에서 발생한 해양오염사고의 건수를 연도별, 지역별, 조선소 작업별 및 오염물질별로 분석하였고, 이 분석 결과를 바탕으로 조선소 내 오염사고 방지 방안을 제시하였다. 전국의 조선소 내 오염사고는 10년간 총 103건이 발생하여 연평균 10.3건이었고, 연간 발생건수는 2004년 8건에서부터 점증하는 추세를 보이면서 2010년 23건으로 최고를 기록하였다가 다시 감소하는 추세로 바뀌어 2014년 9건을 나타내었다. 지역별 오염사고 건수는 부산이 32건(31%)으로 1위이고, 전남이 30건(29%), 경남이 21건(21%), 제주가 5건(5%), 강원과 경북이 각각 4건(4%), 인천과 충남이 각각 3건(3%)이었다. 조선소 작업별 오염사고 건수는 선박수리 작업이 60건(58%)으로 1위이고, 선박해체 작업이 25건(24%), 선박건조 작업이 10건(10%), 기타가 8건(8%)이었다. 오염물질별 오염사고 건수는 기름 및 유성혼합물이 59건(57%)으로 1위이고, 폐페인트 가루가 22건(21%), 쇳가루 및 용접슬래그가 13건(13%), 폐기물이 4건(4%), 폐FRP 가루가 3건(3%), 기타가 2건(2%)이었다. 국내 조선소 내의 오염사고를 방지하기 위한 방안으로는 ① 관련 법규의 준수, ② 조선소 밀집 지역에 대한 오염사고방지 실행계획의 수립 및 시행, ③ 특히 선박 수리 및 해체 작업을 하는 경우 조선소 내 기름오염방지 방안의 수립 및 시행, ④ 조선소 오염사고에 대한 민원 해결 대책의 마련, ⑤ 조선소 단속에 대한 국가 관리의 개선 등을 제시하였다.

R genes are a key component of genetic interactions between plants and biotrophic bacteria and are known to regulate resistance against bacterial invasion. The most common R proteins contain a nucleotide-binding site and a leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domain. Some soybean NBS-LRR genes have also been reported to function in disease resistance. A total of 319 genes were determined to be putative NBS-LRR genes in the soybean genome. The number of NBS-LRR genes on each chromosome was highly correlated with the number of disease resistance QTL in the 2-Mb flanking regions of NBS-LRR genes. In addition, the recently duplicated regions contained duplicated NBS-LRR genes and duplicated disease resistance QTL, and possessed either an uneven or even number of NBS-LRR genes on each side. The significant difference in NBS-LRR gene expression between a resistant near-isogenic line (NIL) and a susceptible NIL after inoculation of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines supports the conjecture that NBS-LRR genes have disease resistance functions in the soybean genome. The number of NBS-LRR genes and disease resistance QTL in the 2-Mb flanking regions of each chromosome was significantly correlated, and several recently duplicated regions that contain NBS-LRR genes harbored disease resistance QTL for both sides. In addition, NBS-LRR gene expression was significantly different between the BLP-resistant NIL and the BLP-susceptible NIL in response to bacterial infection. From these observations, NBS-LRR genes are suggested to contribute to disease resistance in soybean. Moreover, we propose models for how NBS-LRR genes were duplicated, and apply Ks values for each NBS-LRR gene cluster.

Phytic acid, myo-inositol (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)-hexakisphosphate, is a material that plants store phosphorus in seeds. Phytic acid is classified as an antinutrient because of indigestibility. Non-ruminant animals, such as human and swine, excrete unavailable phytic acid. The unavailable phytic acid run off to ground water, river, sea, causing eutrophication as a factor. Accordingly, low-phytic acid crops draw the attention due to both nutritional and environmental reasons. Using more than 900 Glycine accessions including G. max, G. soja and G. gracillis, colormetric method was applied for detecting low-phytic acid mutant. Two hundred fifty accessions were screened by the colormetric method so far, but no mutant was identified. Screening of mutants with the rest 710 accessions is in progress. MIPS1 (D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase) is considered as gene related to phytic acid content in soybean. Also, lpa1 (Zea mays low phytic acid 1) known as controlling phytic acid content in maize was recently reported that homologs of lpa1 were responsible for phytic acid content in soybean and located on linkage groups L and N (Chromosomes 19 and 3). After primers were designed from these three candidate genes for phytic acid content, identification of genes responsible for low phytic acid and investigation of genetic variation among 960 accessions will be performed as further study.