아르헨티나의 전반적인 광물자원 현황의 개략적인 이해를 위해 30여개의 광상과 프로젝트를 간략히 소개하였다. 유망광상 대부분이 아르헨티나 북서 및 중서부에 분포하는데 이는 안데스 조산운동과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 시사한다. 아르헨티나는 동, 금, 은, 납, 아연, 리튬 및 붕소의 중요수출국이다. 연료에너지와 광물자원 수급의 장기적인 전략으로 양국간의 지질연구 및 광산사업의 공동협력이 활발히 요구된다.
국내 대표적인 장석광산인 제천장석 광산과 부여장석 광산 모암의 암석학적 특성을 통하여 국내 장석광의 성인 및 광산유형을 분류하였다. 제천장석 광산은 거정질의 K장석을 함유한 반상화강암이 풍화되어 잔류물로 나타나는 거정질 K장석이 채취대상이 되는 전형적인 풍화잔류 광산이고 반상화강암의 형성 온도-압력은 840˚C, 5Kb를 나타내며 거정질의 K-장석은 변성기원이 아닌 화성기원이다. 반면 부여장석 광산은 우백질 화강편마암이 주변의 흑운모화강암의 관입으로 열수용액에 의한 교대변질 광산으로 순수한 알바이트 장석과 부수광물로서 석류석, 견운모가 나타나며 치밀하게 재결정화된 광물조직이 특징이다.
The light element candidates such as S, O, Si, and K are discussed for the reasonable compositions in the earth's core since the available data show density difference from pure iron core. These candidates are favored by the some evidences such as depletion in the crust and mantle, and lower eutectic temperature of Fe-FeS melt for sulfur. FeO phase for oxygen, lighter mass than sulfur and solubility in metallic phases for silicon, and partitioning in Fe-FeS melt for potassium. However, other problems such as short experimental data, initial compositions of these elements, and oxidation state during the formation of the earth should be solved simultaneously to confirm these light elements.
In the FMAS system the effect of iron on alumina solubility in orthopyroxene has been determined by experiments with crystalline starting mixtures of garnet and orthopyroxene of known initial compositions at 20 kb, 975˚C and 25 kb, 1,200˚C. These data have been modeled to develop a thermodynamic method for the calculation of Al2O3 in orthopyroxene as a function of P, T and composition. The direct application of the alumina solubility data in the MAS system to natural assemblages could lead to significant overestimation of pressure, probably by about 5kb for the relatively common garnet-lherzolites with abot 25 mol per cent Ca + Fe2+ in garnet and about 1 wt. per cent Al2O3 in orthopyroxene since the effect of Fe is similar to that of Ca and Cr3+in reducing the alumina solubility in orthopyroxene in equilibrum with garnet relative to that in the MAS system.
Mantle xenoliths in alkali basalt at Boun, the Gansung area and Baegryung Island in South Korea are spinel lherzolites composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and spinel. Minerals show homogeneous compositions. Olivine compositions have Fo89.0 to Fo90.2, low CaO (0.03 to 0.12 wt%), and NiO of 0.34 to 0.40 wt%; the orthopyroxene is enstatite with En89.0 to En90.0 and Al2O3 of 4 to 5 wt%; the clinopyroxene is diopside with En47.2 to En49.1 and Al2O3 of 7.42 to 7.64 wt% from Boun and 4.70 to 4.91 wt% from Baegryung. Spinel chemistry shows a distinct negative trend, with increaeing Al corresponding with decreasing Cr, and Mg# (100Mg/Mg+Fe) and Cr# (100Cr/Cr+Al) of 75.1 to 81.9 and 8.5 to 12.6, respectively. The equilibrium temperatures of these xenoliths, taken as the average obtained from those of Mercier (1980) and Sachtleben and Seck (1981), lie between 970 and 1020˚C, and equilibrium pressures derived from Mercier (1980) fall within the range of 12 to 19 kbar (i.e., 42 to 63 km). These temperatures and pressures are reinforced by considerations of the Al-isopleths in the MAS system (Lane and Ganguly, 1980), as adjusted for the Fe effect on Al solubility in orthopyroxene (Lee and Ganguly, 1988). The equilibrium temperatures and pressures of xenoliths, as considered in P/T space, belong to the oceanic geotherm, based upon the various mantle geotherms presented by Mercier (1980). This geotherm is completely different from continental geotherms, e.g., from South Africa (Lesotho) and southern India. Mineral compositions of spinel-lherzolites in South Korea and eastern China are primitive; paleo-geotherms of both are quite similar, but degrees of depletion of the upper mantle could vary locally. This is demonstrated by eastern China, which has various depleted xenoliths caused by different degrees of partial melting.