This research purposely conducts to identify Malaysian role in port bilateral diplomacy in ASEAN. Malaysia known as role leader in ASEAN and commit with excellence, drive the country among ASEAN since 1969. The research included Malaysia role within maritime working group where this forum or organization discuss and negotiate any issue related maritime sector in ASEAN. The research also highlights in Port Enhancement and Malaysia Port Strategic whereas Port Development in Malaysia that contribute to Port Bilateral, Port Alliance and Port in ASEAN. The objective includes i) to identify the issues and challenges in bilateral diplomacy in port shipping, ii) to identify Malaysian marine department role toward integrating ASEAN Maritime Working Group, iii) to find out Malaysian initiative for enhancement Malaysian Port Development through ASEAN port alliances, iv) to formulate Malaysia Port Strategic Plan toward the development of national port ASEAN port Alliances. For the literature review in this research is refer to five keywords which is Port Alliances, maritime working group, Malaysia contribution, Malaysia Port Development and Port Strategic Plan. This research is using qualitative method that refer to previous research, article, and journal. The collecting data consist of text transcribe form interview session into verbal and text written. There are selected organization such as Ministry of Transport and Port Authority. The interview process through online using Webex. The coding process take afterward for analysis and conclusion data. The theory formulation of relation diplomacy for this research is propose the objective to formulate Malaysia port strategic plan toward the development of national port ASEAN. Finally, the finding of this research that Malaysia plays significant role in port operation through ASEAN regional. The ministry of Transport plays as policy maker and drive the actor form Malaysia Marine Department and Port Authority in operation and regulatory. The recommendation is to increase the effectiveness of communication and enhance the efficiency of relation toward port bilateral.

Underwater heritage is the term commonly used to mean material found underwater. Many states have heightened of underwater heritage remains unprotected. The UNESCO 2001 convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage is the foremost international legal reference for the protection or salvage of underwater heritage. To conduct a literature review for this thesis, five keywords were chosen such as UNESCO, under water cultural heritage, marine salvage and sovereignty, exploration, and investigation. The objective is; i) To ensure Malaysia underwater heritage is being well enforced by respective enforcement authorities.; ii) To create an awareness and protection to public and relevant parties.; iii) To identify the relevant implementation of legal enforcement from the respective Malaysia authority) To formulate Malaysia underwater cultural heritage strategic framework for enhancement sustainability development of underwater assets and wealth, and sovereignty. And for the problem statement, i) Lack of proactive measures from operational patrol of underwater cultural heritage for the enforcement from maritime authority,; ii) lack of public disclosure on the importance and existence of underwater heritage in Malaysia by stakeholders,; Iii) Lack of procedures and legal aspects for implementation of underwater cultural heritage in Malaysia water,;iv) None of national underwater cultural heritage strategic framework for sustainability of underwater assets and wealth in Malaysia. Specifically, the component of the underwater heritage is outlined for the protection and conservation of artifacts which have been partially or totally underwater. Qualitative method as main method and data collection from research book, journal article, publish and non-publish report. While expert interviewed via Webex within expert from academician and operational as supportive for this research. Text transcribed has been used for this research and coding system functioned for reference during discussion and findings. This thesis also uses theory of formulation and marine salvage as well as underwater cultural heritage law as a main reference. Finally, underwater cultural heritage strategic framework has been formulated regards to enhancement sustainability development of underwater assets and wealth, and sovereignty. thereby, it shown the Malaysian government commitment and concern to remain national maritime sovereignty.

Systematic literature reviews (SLR) are very important to track the extent to which studies related to the formulation of Halal Catering on board have been previously studied by previous scholars. Therefore, the SLR study requires a clear and detailed understanding concerning the study direction for each selected article by analyzing the scope of the study and its dimensions as the main emphasis whether it has been discussed by any previous scholar or otherwise. Through the basis of the analysis of literature reviews will enable the specific detection of the title of the study. Even SLR analysis is also able to compare in terms of the year the article was published by comparing the differences in scope and dimensions of each article by selected scholars referred to 16 scholars from the year 2012 until 2017. Regards to methodology, SLR emphasised into five stages such as i) Time Frame, ii) Selection of a database, iii) Journal selection, iv) Article selection and v) Literature review analysis. Analysis, discussion, and findings will be focusing on the scope, dimensions, and years of studies by using figures, tables as facilitators of analysis and findings. Hence, the role of Halal institutions will be able to assess its ability to form halal rules with the involvement of stakeholders and the scope that has been affected in detail.

The formulation of Halal and Catering Regulation on board is a new draft proposal in shipping industry in the nation to ensure Muslim seafarers will be protected under social welfare. Currently, there are no regulations in place regarding the formulation of provision of Halal and Catering which have been enforced by several authorities at different sector in the nation. However, Halal JAKIM is an expert and focal point with the right to issue Halal certification not only in this nation but globally. The main objective of the study was to form a Halal committee on board for the co-ordination of responsibilities between the agencies, and the second objective was to establish the Halal and Catering Regulations on the merchant vessel for the Malaysian flag. The problem is that seafarers feel insecure about the preparation of halal food and no regulations have been issued to date. In fact, this study requires Qualitative methods because several actions related to the Halal-Toyibban Policy and food preparation rules should be obtained through closed-ended interviews with Halal regulatory experts, ship-owners, and selected stakeholders. Therefore, the analytical process will refer to the use of transmitted transitions from oral to text through the coding system in facilitate the content analysis process; and further to the level of discussion and findings. Ship-owners should ratify the Halal and Catering Regulations once they are enacted. The results of this study are expected to formulate the framework for the Halal and Catering Committee involving the agency by reference to interdependent theory. The second finding was to formulate a draft of the Halal and Catering Regulations on the Malaysian merchant vessel by reference to the application of benchmarking theory. Finally, this study will benefit the Muslim seafarer with the cooperation of the ship-owner and the relevant government agencies.