The SV1 service - NAMAS(Navigation Monitoring & Assistance Service) collects ship’s position data in all South Korean waters, and predicts the next positions, calculates the CPAs between ships within a certain distance, evaluates basic collision risk and each vulnerability, then integrates to the navigational collision risk. This paper describes the functions and background chosen in the navigation risk solving system; Data characteristics, framework of navigation risk solving system, and data structures and methods for efficient computation for CPA calculations and detecting accident risk situations.

Systematic literature reviews (SLR) are very important to track the extent to which studies related to the formulation of Halal Catering on board have been previously studied by previous scholars. Therefore, the SLR study requires a clear and detailed understanding concerning the study direction for each selected article by analyzing the scope of the study and its dimensions as the main emphasis whether it has been discussed by any previous scholar or otherwise. Through the basis of the analysis of literature reviews will enable the specific detection of the title of the study. Even SLR analysis is also able to compare in terms of the year the article was published by comparing the differences in scope and dimensions of each article by selected scholars referred to 16 scholars from the year 2012 until 2017. Regards to methodology, SLR emphasised into five stages such as i) Time Frame, ii) Selection of a database, iii) Journal selection, iv) Article selection and v) Literature review analysis. Analysis, discussion, and findings will be focusing on the scope, dimensions, and years of studies by using figures, tables as facilitators of analysis and findings. Hence, the role of Halal institutions will be able to assess its ability to form halal rules with the involvement of stakeholders and the scope that has been affected in detail.

In the maritime industry, most perceptions, frameworks and methodologies of dealing with hazards are for their risk assessment rather than their risk management. This tendency discloses the reality that within the maritime sectors in areas like shipping, logistics, oil and gas there is a lack of coherent Quantitative Risk Management (QRM) methodology from which to understand the risk-based decisions especially for appropriate risk management such as in seaports’ terminals. Therefore, in this paper initially, during priority assessment of the identified hazards, Fuzzy Set Theory was applied to handle imprecision of the uncertain risk-based statistics to get an accurate result. In the next stage, Fuzzy Fault Tree and Fuzzy Event Tree methods were used to achieve the sequence of quantitative risk analysis. In the final step, a Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution tool was used for the implementation of the mitigation phase to complete and conclude the proposed QRM cycle.

Bulk carrier ship type is one of the three dominant types of merchant vessels along with container ships and tankers. Recently, in terms of tonnage, bulk carriers constitute about the world's fleet third. The stuff materials indigence such as grains, fertilizers, ores, etc. Since the turn of the millennium, the number has increased considerably. Recently, a growing variance in bulk cargo which has transported by sea, represents now a large part of international commercial exchange shipped by sea. Every year there are huge number tons of cargoes like steel, coals, livestock feed, copper and minerals that are transported by sea in bulk. While most of those shipments are made without accidents, a number of serious injuries have occurred which have resulted not only in the ship's loss, but also in lives loss. In this paper, there is an existing bulk carrier vessel, a computational case study, is made to investigate the different loading conditions effects and bulk cargoes’ types on ship’s stability, in case of damaged conditions, in addition to the effect on the ship’s hull longitudinal strength. A proposed method is suggested to improve the level of safety of the ship past flooding by the usage of air bag (cushion). The candidate vessel consists of two cargo holds. In this paper there are three investigated damage scenarios, the first one is checking the stability in case of damage of cargo hold No.1. The second one is checking the stability in case of damage of cargo hold No.2 and the third scenario is checking the stability in case of flooding of both of the two cargo holds. There’s a modelling software, Auto Ship, is used here to model the vessel, simulate the different scenarios and to run the stability code to check the stability criteria. Finally, after performing the above mentioned three damage scenarios, the result was that the ship will still float in case of scenario one or two but in case of the third scenario, it will sink. So, this study has suggested a way to keep the vessel floating in case of the third scenario until reaching the nearest port without sinking. This proposed method is by using air cushions to open directly in case of existing alarm in the bulk carrier work to fill all the space inside the cargo hold instead of filling with the water.

Bilateral relationships between Malaysia and Indonesia have always been cordial, augmented largely by their shared ethno-cultural, value and religious affinity. Cooperation and collaboration initiatives and arrangement between the two countries are well-established in various fields, ranging from security, economic and trade, health to education. However, these friendly bilateral relationships have been occasionally marred by diplomatic frictions and protests arising from their disputes over overlapping claims to maritime territory and boundary. Among the most notable, intractable on-going maritime territorial and boundary disputes between the two countries occur in the Malacca Straits. In resolving these particularly dispute, diplomatic negotiation has been the most common and if not, the only dispute resolution mechanism adopted by the two countries. What make the scope of this study departs from the existing literature is the focus placed on examining the process of diplomatic negotiations between Malaysia and Indonesia for amicable resolution of the disputes. Diplomatic negotiation is arguably the preferred method to delimit contested maritime boundaries as it has its own advantages compare to other alternative peaceful methods. This qualitative study uses content analysis approach to investigate and appraise the background and process of diplomatic negotiation between Malaysia and Indonesia to reach final settlement of their territorial area and boundary disputes in the Malacca Straits. In analyzing the case, the theoretical tools used are negotiation theory, and bilateral theory. The selected respondents for this study are comprised of experts and practitioners attached to government agencies such as Maritime Malaysia Enforcement Agency and Institute Diplomacy and Foreign Relation. Then, content analysis is applied to the coding process. The research finding reveal that the status of diplomatic negotiation between the government of Malaysia and Indonesia are still ongoing, with the immediate final resolution of the disputes remains to be seen. The contribution of this study lies in providing the strong facts and the real status about territorial dispute at Strait of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia and also the process of diplomatic negotiation between Malaysia and Indonesia in settlement the territorial dispute at Strait of Malacca.

Seaports are under high-speed developing and booming with the extend of the facilities and equipment to support the port activities and industry’s needs. It may bring environment destruction due to the change of the environmental conditions, likes forests, soils, water, and air. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze the negative environmental impact due to seaport activities in Malaysia. The priority dominant factors are determined through analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Malaysia Port is selected as case study and 20 respondents are selected from virous department based on their expertise. Pari-wise comparison survey is used to collect data. The results shown that the negative environmental impact’s main elements are water (0.451), noise (0.262), organism (0.181), and air (0.106). Meanwhile, the toxicity is the prominent negative environmental impact’s sub-element of port activities, which scored 0.241, followed by interfering communication (0.142), and smell (0.134). The CR values are less than 0.1 and are considered acceptable. Hence, the outcome of the paper stimulated public awareness toward environmental protection. The development and expansion of seaports must consider environment conservation and preservation, and it cannot bring irreparable sequelae to the earth.

The issue of dependency on foreign seafarers in Malaysia has been highlighted in the Malaysia Shipping Master Plan 2017–2022, whereby the number of foreign seafarers on Malaysian ships has been constantly high up to 17,000. A total of 6,000 Certificates of Recognition are issued by the Marine Department annually, which bring a great loss to both economy and career opportunities locally. A policy to reduce dependency on foreign seafarers has been implemented in 2018 as a goal to revitalize shipping for a stronger Malaysian economy. Conflicting priorities between shipping industries and local seafarers while trying to find the best solution to ensure that development efforts are not jeopardized have been a major challenge to the government of Malaysia. This article examines various issues and challenges in managing Malaysia’s dependency on foreign seafarers by using a qualitative research approach. Key stakeholders have been identified through purposive sampling, and face-to-face in-depth interviews have been conducted to identify and understand the issues and challenges faced. The findings show that there are pressing needs to improve maritime governance in Malaysia, especially on system, education, and policy implementation. Fragmented governance arrangements and vague policies are affecting the formulation of effective solutions. It is also argued that an effective and clear management is crucial to reduce dependency on foreign seafarers, as only then can Malaysia’s shipping development efforts be enhanced.

The growth is hot about the number of companies, the vehicles, and the variety of the business model of freight services in general, the road freight, in particular, have cooked up big challenges for the state management as well as the administration about business activities of transport companies. The road freight has still many inadequacies about the hight running coast, badly affecting the environment, the increase in the traffic jam and traffic accidents. About the state management, the organization and implementation processes the function to control the road transport encounter many difficulties and exist inadequacies about post-check after business registration, not ensure supply-demand balance in the transport markets. Still have many duplications in plan and organize the implementation of the sustainable development policy lead to has not brought into play all resources and effectiveness. Technology applications in management and operating, the policy of sustainable development in the road freight has not been given adequate attention. Faced with the need for sustainable development and improving the efficiency of the national transportation system, research on strengthening state management of car transportation in Vietnam is very urgent. Moreover, it is very practical and scientific to propose solutions to contribute to improving the capacity, effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of goods transportation by car in Vietnam.. The article focuses on analyzing and evaluating the current state of state management about the goods freight by cars, proposing radical solutions to strengthen state management to get the goals of sustainable development of the transport and the freight transport industry. Based on data collected from actual surveys, interviews and published research, the author has analyzed the overall performance of state management in car freight transport. With the number of 1227 sending feedback votes, it is a reliable basis for analyzing, assessing the current situation and clarifying the limitations, weaknesses as well as their causes in the management of freight transport in Vietnam.

The Kra Canal is a mega-project that provide a new maritime route that would connect the Gulf of Thailand with the Andaman Sea, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The idea of building the Kra Canal has widely gained attention from policy-makers, legislators, maritime activities, shipping and seaport operators due to advantages such as big cost savings, higher levels of safety and security, shortened distance and time compared to the voyage through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. This waterway will likely challenge the present maritime business activities in ASEAN region. Therefore, the aim of this article is considering the pros and cons of the Kra Canal project to political, economic, sociological, legal, environmental, maritime security, and safety aspects by using the thematic analysis combined with PESETLM method. It is note that the new Canal will be beneficial for Vietnam in all aspects, especially maritime economy. Therefore, this article is pioneer research to a comprehensive analysis of the trend of the Vietnamese maritime industry awaiting to advantages of the Kra canal. Given the inherent strengths of the geographical features, the novel maritime business strategies are proposed to boost and reshape the Vietnam maritime economy, for instance the best policy to enhance co-operation and trade growth with other countries and regions; a variety of investigations of maritime business in strategy regions; enhancing Cai Mep - Thi Vai ports as hub port of Vietnam; the development of deep-water seaports and logistics services in Hon Khoai Island and long-term planning for main bunker compliance fuel supply or energy source for vessels; policies to enhance management and surveillance, and enforcement of the law, the innovation of administrative procedures in seaports, deep-water seaport electronic services, and electronic customs in the digital era.

Contemporary safety literature recognizes that error reporting - reporting of hazards, near-misses and incidents is important in the development of safety in high risk industries such as shipping - where the success of such reporting programs has been limited. Reporting is integral to the concept of “continuous improvement” as envisaged by the International Safety Management Code. However, shipping - like other industries - suffers from considerable under-reporting. At the same time, many Safety managers find positive correlation between numbers of such reports and shipboard safety, and to encourage reporting, many follow a mandatory reporting system. This study attempted to understand whether increasing numbers of submitted error reports does result in a consequent decrease in incidents/accidents, thereby validating this premise. The study was limited to the fleet of only one shipping company, and to the quantitative analysis of the error reports; not the content or quality of such reports. To achieve this, annual compiled error reports from across all fleet vessels of one shipping company were collected. This company had made a significant increase in the numbers of reports to be submitted by vessels in its fleet thereby presenting this opportunity. These reports were analyzed using Pearson correlation to determine any statistically significant correlations between numbers of hazards and near-misses reported, and recorded incidents/accidents. Analysis of the data showed that, from a quantitative point of view, the mandated increase in the number of reports did not result in a decrease in the numbers of near misses or incidents/accidents. It was concluded that merely increasing the number of reports may not improve safety performance, but may lead to the submission of reports just to meet requirements thereby devaluing the entire process. Companies should look at more effective ways through which the safety culture can be enhanced and improve on-board safety performance.

Marina is a small port located along a coastline that provides facilities and services for small boats and yachts. The main facilities of marina are pontoon, freshwater, and power supplies. Marina also provides service for boat maintenance and service, and security. In Malaysia, the marina is operated by private companies and Marine Department Malaysia. All the marinas in Malaysia provide the same facilities and services, however they are not operating at the same level. Few marinas had closed their operation due to insufficient number of boats arrived to their marina. The reason of this issue is lack of study about marina operation and management in Malaysia. Further study should be done in this field to overcome this issue and increased the growth of economy for marina. Therefore, the objective of this study to determine the factors to establish a marina in Malaysia and to identify the reason certain marina less performed. This research focused on the marina operators on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The literature review was used to identify the factors to establish a marina. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach was used to analyse the data. This method had ranked the crucial factors from the highest to the lowest percentage. Four main criteria to establish a marina had been identified, namely locations, facilities, services, and promotion. Besides that, there also the sub-criteria for all the main factor to describe it. All the identified factors had been analysed to find the most important factor. The consolidate result showed that geography, security, berthing, purpose, boat chandlery and boat service are the highest percentage among other factors. It concludes that it is the most important factor to establish a marina. These results can be used to improve the operation of marina in Malaysia by focusing on these aforementioned factors.