In late 1950’s, the beginning of container revolution has started a new paradigm shift in maritime industry worldwide. This new paradigm has become a major reason for seaport systems to prepare their physical capacity, space availability, multi-modalism, transport connectivity via regionalisation. However, in early 2010’s the introduction of industrial revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) which starts the era of immersive digitalization proved that seaport systems need to be prepared to face pattern of unstable magnitudes in dynamic maritime trade. Therefore, this paper analyses key components required for Malaysian seaport system to be aligned with the key requirements in IR4.0. By employing document analysis, this research analyses the challenges faced by Malaysian seaport system as well as suggests strategies to muddle through the key requirements of IR4.0. The findings from this research indicate that Malaysian seaport system need to be improved by enforcing skill-based education system, flexibility in labour structure, development in skill and competence level as well as improvement in infrastructure suitability. The findings from this research also reflect significant strategies to improve seaport system in the era of IR4.0 including enhancing requirements for intermodal terminals, improving preparation for seaport alliances, developing mechanism for interoperability, improving utilisation of intra and interregional economic development as well as scrutinising safety and security.

Courses on the motion and operation of remotely operated vehicles (ROV) tend to feature abstract theoretical concepts, numerous formulas, combinations of mathematical and physical concepts and teaching that is disconnected from practice. As with the development of computer technology, the dynamic connection between the combination of the highly-realistic visual effects of simulation and theoretical classroom teaching has the aesthetic characteristics of a physical science. In this study, a virtual teaching platform for ROVs was developed on the basis of current virtual simulation technologies, as well as the needs of courses focused on ROV motion and operation. Based on detailed analyses of the functional and performance requirements of a virtual teaching platform for ROVs, the system was subdivided into six subsystems: remote-control simulation, dynamic and kinematic mathematical modeling, underwater operation tools simulation, visual scene display, teacher control and network administration, using an object-oriented design method featuring modularization and standardization. The subsystems facilitate modular development, integration and function extension, and support the openness, inheritance and reusability of the system. The platform is used to intuitively acquaint students with ROVs’ kinetic characteristics and operating methods by means of intuitive 3D models, precise motion calculation, and real operating scenes. Based on teaching practice in colleges and universities, a typical work-task-oriented practical teaching system was developed, along with the application of course design and scenario design for the ROV virtual teaching platform. Through interactive operation, students can dynamically and intuitively observe the motion of ROVs during navigation, helping them to learn about hydrodynamic performance. With simulated ROV operation, students learn about the principles of dynamic mechanical tools as well as the relationships between the interaction forces of ROVs. This contributes to disciplinary progress in naval architecture and ocean engineering, as well as the development of students’ practical engineering competence.

The AtoN Simulator provides simulation circumstances, which include the topographical and environmental characteristics of a primary harbor, as well as the characteristics of navigating a ship and maritime traffic. The AtoN planning expert can design a safer and more efficient distribution of AtoN using the simulator. AtoN simulation system is a system that adds AtoN part such as AtoN attribute and modeling to ship handling simulation system. AtoN 3D modeling and motion characteristics implemented in existing ship handling simulations were not perfect. Therefore, there was inconvenience in 3D simulation. Therefore, AtoN attribute construction and 3D modeling are required for AtoN simulation system. This study researched the AtoN 3D modeling for AtoN simulator. The AtoN analysis surveyed the AtoN for 3D modeling. Modeling design was designed to be similar to the actual AtoN on the basis of such an analysis of the AtoN scale. Modeling was AtoN 3D modeling based on the design drawings. Each AtoN was grouped into a Main Category and Sub Category. Specific data were easily changed using the 3D tools.

Electronic Charting systems (ECS) in yachting and boating are the non-professional counterparts to ECDIS in commercial shipping. In the absence of legal regulations on design and use, a wide variety of products have de-veloped. Their usability is not only safety critical but often even determines whether navigation functions like route building or track recording are used at all. With two empirical studies employing standard usability meth-ods from human factors research, we assessed the usability of a variety of current ECSs on a sailing yacht. In study 1, nine usability experts conducted multimethod analyses while sailing in typical cruising areas on sea. Building on the results, a standardized user test was designed and carried out with 12 prototypical users plus 3 usability experts in inland waters (study 2). Finally, a set of 38 design and usability guidelines were formulated. The guidelines may not only help boat owners and charter companies in selecting a current market product but also aid manufacturers in designing their future products. Contributions: David Jung (study 1) and Martin Müller (study 2) conducted the studies and formulated the guide-lines. Gisela Müller-Plath designed and managed the research project ANeMoS (Analysing Use and Impact of NewMedia on Sailboats) which the present work is part of, commanded the sailing yacht, and wrote the paper.

Transport sector activities are the major sources of pollutants to the atmosphere and natural environment. Seaports contribute significantly to the cause of pollution in the water and water front areas they are located. Like other industrial nations and regions, maritime sector in Malaysia continues to grow and expand to facilitate global and regional trade and as a maritime-related activities result have proliferated in sea and shore. This has exposed seaports to a growing pressure and posed challenges to operate in an environmentally friendly manner. This paper aims to classify environmental issues caused by shipping and seaport activities and propose strategies to reduce environmental issues in seaports at east coast of peninsular Malaysia. Using quantitative research design, data was collected through a survey questionnaire from personnel at east coast Malaysian seaports. The result of this paper indicates that garbage dumping, air pollution, maintenance waste, dust, noise pollution, bilge water, dredging operations and oil spill are the most important issues contributed by seaports activities. This paper suggested several strategies that can be implemented to mitigate environmental issues at east coast of Malaysia including Kuantan, Kemaman and Kerteh seaports.

During an up-righting project for a capsized ship, the dynamic effect enlarges the tensions of cables. The cable tensions which are calculated based on statics and the safety evaluation which is based on these tensions cannot ensure the safety of the up-righting project. Due to the above reasons, a numerical simulation project is applied to investigate the dynamic effect on cable tensions of up-righting projects and evaluate the safety of up-righting project in current research. Firstly, a theoretical equation of the quasi-static up-righting project model is established in current research and is solved. Subsequently, the precision of the numerical simulation method applied in current research is checked by comparing cable tensions which are calculated by theoretical model and numerical simulation method. The cable tensions in different cases are solved by the numerical simulation method which accounts for dynamic effect in order to investigate the relationship between cable tensions and capsized ship weights, cable stiffness and winding-in speed. Finally, the safety of up-righting project is evaluated based on all the cable tensions calculated. It is pointed out that cable tension increases with the value of capsized ship weight, cable stiffness or winding-in speed approximately. The safety coefficients of cable in some high winding-in speeds are bellow 1.0. The results indicate that the dynamic effect is significant and should be accounted for during the up-righting project.