This study focused on comparing the meteorological conditions in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) on high-event days and non-event days in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). We utilized observed PM10 and meteorological variables at the surface as well as at the upper heights. The results showed that high-event days were consistently associated with lower wind speed, whereas wind direction showed no particular difference between high-event and non-event days with frequent westerlies and northwesterlies for both cases. During high-event days, the temperature was much warmer than the monthly normal values with a sharp increasing trend, and Relative Humidity (RH) was higher than the monthly normal, especially on high-event days in February. During high-event days in spring, a double inversion layer was present at surface and upper heights. This indicates that stability in the multi-layer is an important indicator of higher PM10 concentrations. Net radiation in spring and winter is also closely associated with higher PM10 concentrations. Strong net radiation resulted in large sensible heat, which in turn facilitated a deeper mixing height with diluted PM10 concentrations; in contrast, PM10 concentrations were higher when sensible heat in spring and winter was very low. We also confirmed that convective and friction velocity was higher on non-event days than on high-event days, and this was especially obvious in spring and winter. This indicated that thermal turbulence was dominant in spring, whereas in winter, mechanical turbulence was dominant over the SMA.

Of the 6 most abundantly recognized Greenhouse Gases, SF6 (Sulfur Hexafluoride) is one of the most potentially consequential gases to Global Warming. The permeation characteristics of fluorinated gases N2 and SF6 used in the semiconductor processes were examined by study through the processes that occur during the Hollow Fiber Membrane Separation Technology. The developed module had a permeance of 8.83 ~ 17.40 GPU for N2 with N2/SF6 selectivity of 8.64 ~ 40.80 at various pressure and temperature. The SF6 isolation results showed the variables increased SF6 concentration levels of 13% ~ 63%, with a yield increase of 50% ~ 96%. These results are proven to be well utilized in the semiconductor manufacturing processes in the recovery of SF6 through the Hollow Fiber Membrane Separation Technology.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of two plant populations (28 and 14 plants per m2 ) and two toppings in conventional plant population (28 plants per m2 ) on soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pungsannamulkong) cultivated in the paddy field. The two topping time were taken at 6th to 7th and 8th to 9th trifoliolate leaf stages in the conventional plant population. Experimental design for growth data was a randomized complete block with three replications, and samples were taken at R1 (July 31), R3 (August 19), R5 (September 2) and R7 (September 23) growth stages. The branch number of soybean was relatively higher in the low plant population (14 plants per m2 ) and with the topping at the 6th to 7th leaf stage, in the conventional plant population (28 plants per m2 ), and with topping at the 8th to 9th trifoliolate leaf stage in descending order. The highest average branch length of soybean was observed in the low population and the longest branch length was observed from the soybean with topping at the 6th to 7th leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was decreased in order of in the low population, with the topping at 6th to 7th trifoliolate leaf stage, with the topping at 8th to 9th trifoliolate leaf stage, and in the conventional population. The leaf area was high in the low population and with topping at 6th to 7th trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with the topping at 8th to 9th trifoliolate leaf stage in soybean. The dry weight of leaves and branches was high in the low population and with the topping at 6th to 7th trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8th to 9th trifoliolate leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was high in the low population and with topping at 6th to 7th trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8th to 9th trifoliolate leaf stage. The grain yield per 10a was high with the topping at 6th to 7th trifoliolate leaf stage.

Water deficit is a serious constraint to soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] production in rainfed regions of Asia, Africa, and America. This study was conducted to develop a simple and effective screening method for drought tolerance in soybean. Fifteen soybean cultivars, eight identified to be drought-tolerant and seven drought-sensitive in previous studies, were used for the evaluation of drought tolerance under the new screening conditions. The seedling screening method was consisted of a treatment in a PEG solution and drought treatment in parafilm-layered pots. 5-day-old seedlings were treated in a 18% PEG solution for 4 days and their wilting and hypocotyl browning were recorded. Three seedlings grown in a parafilm-layered pot containing peat moss were drought-stressed by withholding water from the third day after seedling emergence, and root and seedling growth were examined. Degree of drought tolerance were rated based on seedling vigor in the PEG solution and drought-stressed parafilm-layered pots, and also on the penetration ability of roots through parafilm layer. Most of seedlings of the drought-tolerant cultivars showed higher vigour and root penetration than those of the drought-sensitive cultivars under the new screening conditions. Our results indicate that the new method can be used as a simple and effective screening procedure for drought tolerance in soybean breeding programs.