It is necessary to understand of temporal and spatial dynamics by establishing a periodical monitoring system for theproper management in small brown planthopper (SBPH). A dataset is including the number of SBPHs by location, collectionmethod [aerial collection net (AeCN) or light trap (LT)] and period (May~Aug.) for five years (2011~2015), and missingvalues were imputed using multiple imputation methods. Of the 15,848 individuals collected, approximately 47% and 52.9%were collected using the AeCN and LT methods, respectively. A high incidence of migratory SBPHs was observed duringJulian days 144-166 using the AeCN method. Generally, the migratory SBPHs from China composed 39.4% of the totalpopulations of SBPHs. These results would provide valuable information to predict the incidence period of migratory SBPHsand establish a proactive management system against SBPH.

Earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.78°C over the past century, and is projected to rise another 1.1 to 6.4°C over the next hundred years based on recent announced RCP8.5 climate change scenario. Small changes in the average temperature of the planet can translate to large and potentially dangerous shifts in biosphere. Based on climate change scenario, local distribution of well-known species should be changed in near future. Models, if applied appropriately, give useful and rapid predictions of the potential distribution of the target species. CLIMEX is one of modeling systems that may provide insights into the climatic factors that limit the geographical distribution of a species in different parts. Climatic parameters and the climate matching function of CLIMEX enable the risks of an exotic species as well as well-known species to be assessed by directly comparing the climatic condition of a given location with any number of other locations without knowing the full distribution of a species. However, CLIMEX supports only three locations in Korea (Seoul, Pusan and Kangnung province). We generated detail weather database of Korea for CLIMEX, and simulated using the data of American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), a key pest and well-known species in Korea for application of future risk assessment under possible climate change condition in Korea.

This study was conducted to investigate the insecticidal capacity of recombinant baculoviruses to Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua larvae. For recombinant viruses, Bacillus thuringiensis cry1-5 crystal protein gene was introduced into the genome by fusion of polyhedrin-cry1-5 under the control of polyhedrin gene promoter. Recombinant AcPolh5-3006BiKTT and AcPolh5-3006 AvTox2 based on BiKTT and AvTox2, respectively, were constructed under the control of early promoter from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was significantly higher when they fed on cabbage coated with ApEGFP (wild type) over 5.0×106 PIBs/ml. For AcPolh5-3006BiKTT and AcPolh5-3006AvTox2, mortality of P. xylostella and S. exigua larvae was significantly higher when they fed on cabbage coated with recombinant baculoviruses over 5.0×106 PIBs/ml and 1.0×104 PIBs/ml, respectively. The value of LD50 was lower in the treatments with AcPolh5-3006BiKTT (P. xylostella:1.2×106, S. exigua:1.3×104) or AcPolh5-3006AvTox2 (P. xylostella:2.3×106, S. exigua:1.4×104) than the treatments with ApEGFP (P. xylostella: not estimated, S. exigua:5.0×105). Survival time (ST50) of P. sylostella larvae was much shorter at AcPolh5-3006BiKTT (29.6h) than AcPolh5-3006AvTox2 (46.2h) while that of S. exigua larvae was much shorter at AcPolh5-3006AvTox2 (95.1h) than AcPolh5-3006BiKTT (101.9h) or ApEGFp (130.7h). The two recombinant baculoviruses were more effective in S. exigua larvae but slower speed of action.

An outbreak of Ussur Brown Katydid, Paratlanticus ussuriensis, occurred in the orchard areas of central Korea during 2006 and 2007. These crickets occur widely in Korea but before 2000 they were not regarded as an agricultural pest and were mainly confined to wooded hillsides. In an attempt to understand this katydid ecology, firstly, we have conducted a life cycle study of the Ussur brown katydid. This katydid spends one or two years as an egg stage. Most of eggs enter the initial diapause, which take place in stage 4. Less than 10% eggs didn't occur the initial diapause and developed until in stage 23 before beginning winter season. In the laboratory experiment, diapause depends on the initial temperature after eggs laid. They had an initial and final diapause around less 25℃. Therefore, it takes two years to hatch at low temperature. On the other hand, eggs are kept at temperatures around over 27℃, entry into the first diapause stage was circumvented and eggs emerged the following spring. That is, the high temperature seems to affect on the life cycle of Katydid. Thus, if they are exposed to high temperature on early egg stage, they emerge next year just after spending a winter.

The Fuji variety of apple, introduced in Japan, has excellent storage quality and good taste, such that it is the most commonly cultivated apple variety in Gunwi County, North Gyeongsang Province, Korean Peninsula. Accurate prediction of harvest maturity allows farmers to more efficiently manage their farm in important aspects such as working time, fruit storage, market shipment, and labor distribution. Temperature is one of the most important factors that determine plant growth, development, and yield. This paper reports on the beta distribution (function) model that can be used to simulate the the phenological response of plants to temperature. The beta function, commonly used as a skewed probability density in statistics, was introduced to estimate apple harvest maturity as a function of temperature in this study. The model parameters were daily maximum temperature, daily optimum temperature, and maximum growth rate. They were estimated from the input data of daily maximum and minimum temperature and apple harvest maturity. The difference in observed and predicted maturity day from 2009 to 2012, with optimal parameters, was from two days earlier to one day later.

Fuji apple variety introduced in Japan has excellent storage quality and good taste so it is most commonly cultivated in the Korean Peninsula. Accurate prediction of harvest maturity allows farmers to more efficiently manage their farm, such as working time, fruit storage, market shipment and labor distribution so it is very important. This study was carried out to predict the harvest maturity of ‘Fuji’ apple using DTS (Days Transformed to Standard temperature) model based on the Arrhenius law in the Gunwi province of the South Korea. Input data are daily average temperature and apple harvest maturity. Predicted the harvest maturity of Fuji apple after estimating the optimal parameters by using the Nelder-Mead method. The differences of observed and predicted harvest maturity day are approximately 1 to 4 days and the RMSE is 2.9.