기후변화로 인해 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도 (CO2)증가가 톱다리개미 허리노린재(Riptortus calvatus)의 화학통신에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실내 이산화탄소 농도를 600, 1000, 2000 ppm 수준 처리하여 조사하였다. 두 집합페로몬 성분인 (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexanoate와 (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-3-hexanoate의 생산량은 우화 후 10일 된 수컷의 경우 대기 중 CO2가 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면, 우화 후 20일 된 수컷에서는 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 교미율은 CO2 농도에 따라 큰 차이가 없었으나, 총 산란수는 1,000 ppm 이상 CO2 농도에서 높게 나타났다.

The soybean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a polyphagous species and an important pest of soybean. We investigated the development periods and survivorship of R. pedestris egg and nymph stage. The study was conducted at eleven constant temperatures of 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 32, 34, 35, and 36℃, respectively. Egg could not hatch under 14℃. Nymph could not develop to adult at 16℃. The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) of R. pedestris nymph stage were estimated by linear regression. Higher temperature threshold (TH) and lower temperature threshold (TL) were calculated by two nonlinear functions (Performance and SSI model). The adult emergence frequency of R. pedestris over full range of constant temperatures was simulated using developmental rate functions and Weibull function.

Riptortus pedestris is a polyphagous species and an important pest of soybean. We investigated the phenology of R. pedestris at 14 locations - Jeonju, Naju, Goheung, Namhae, Milyang, Gunwi, Andong and 7 areas of Jeju. Commercial pheromone monitoring traps were used. The traps were baited with lures containing a 1:5:1 ratio of myristyl isobutyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2 hexenoate and (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate. There was difference the first adult catch and nymph emergence among locations. To develop spring emergence distribution pattern, we used the trap data from each location. Spring emergence by sampling date was cumulated and analyzed relative to the Julian date using Weibull distribution function.

The spring emergence of individual insect would be influenced by surface temperature during winter season. The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, overwinter as a full-grown larva within spherical and compactly woven cocoons in the clefts of tree bark. It consume new shoots early and fruits later in the growing season. To estimate the spring emergence of G. molesta, we used the lower developmental threshold (8.14°C) and thermal constant (279.3) for overwintering G. molesta. The climate data were obtained from the web site of the Korea Meterological Administration(KMA) from 1975 to 2015 at 61 locations, respectively. The spring emergence of G. molesta was changed depending on ambient temperature of each year.