This study was conducted to determine the effects of partial replacement (40.0%) of sodium chloride by potassium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium ascorbate on quality characteristics of cooked pork ham during cold storage. The cooked pork hams with partial replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride and potassium lactate had lower lightness (L*) and higher bitterness than others (p <0.05). However, redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and overall acceptability of sensory properties were not different among the treatments (p >0.05). The partial replacement of sodium chloride by all substitutes leads to increase tenderness (p <0.05). There are no problems in microbiological stability and lipid oxidation of cooked pork hams with 40% replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium ascorbate during cold storage. Therefore, it is possible to use potassium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium ascorbate as partial substitutes of sodium chloride in cooked pork ham.

In the present study, the effect of cysteine and NT or bisphenol A (BP) on in vitro aturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes were examined. COCs was cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 10% FCS which had previously been covered with mineral oil and equilibrated in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air at 38℃. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 0.5～10.0 mM cysteine were 34.0±3.2%, 36.0±3.5%, 48.0±3.8%, 22.0±3.2%, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 0.5～5.0 mM NT for 48 hrs were 24.0±4.2%, 18.0±4.9%, 8.0±2.2%, respectively. NT affects oocyte in vitro maturation rate in a dose-dependent. This result were significantly lower than the control group. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 1.0 mM NT+5.0 mM cysteine (38.0±4.3%) were significantly higher than that of NT treatment. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 0.05～5.0 mM BP for 48 hrs were 20.0±4.7%, 10.0±5.3%, 6.0±3.2%, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplement with BP was significantly lower cultured non supplement of BP (44.0±3.5%). BP affects porcine oocyte maturation rate in a dose-dependent manner. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in NCSU-23 medium supplement with 1.0 mM BP+5.0 mM cysteine (32.0±3.2%) were increased than that of BP treatment.

The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified-thawed canine oocytes was 30.8±3.4%. The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified oocytes was lower than that of the control (52.0±2.5%, p<0.05). The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified-thawed oocytes were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of fresh oocytes. The in vitro maturation and developmental rates of the vitrified-thawed oocytes were 17.5±2.5% and 8.8±3.4%, respectively. This results were lower than the control group (43.6±3.2% vs 20.0±3.0%). SOD1 gene expression of 1～2 mm of follilce size were higher than those of above 6 mm follicle size. SOD2 gene expression of 1～2 mm of follicle size were significantly higher than those of above 6 mm follicle size (p<0.01). The expression pattern of SOD1, 2 was constantly expressed in both groups but strongly expressed in follicles (1～2 mm) group when compared to the above 6 mm follicles. SOD gene expression between groups the fresh and vitrified oocytes groups were significant differences in rates. However, RGS gene expression between groups the fresh and vitrified oocytes groups were no significant differences in rates.

These study was carried out to investigate the effects of the recovery time, diameter of oocytes on in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The in vitro maturation rates to MII stage of oocytes recovered at the inactive, follicular and luteal stages matured for 72 h were 1.4±0.0%, 43.4±3.2% and 10.8±2.7%, respectively. The fertilization rates of in vitro cultured oocytes recovered from ovaries at the in active, follicular and luteal stages were 0.0±0.0%, 15.7±3.4% and 7.6±3.5%, respectively. The in vitro maturation rate of oocytes recovered from ovaries at the follicular stage of the reproductive cycle was significantly higher than those at the inactive and luteal stages (p<0.05). The penetration rate determined that the percentages of oocytes with diameters in the <100 μm, 100 to 100 μm and 110 to 120 μm ranges were 17.5±4.7%, 43.9±4.5%, 21.3±3.4%, respectively. The penetration rate of oocytes with diameters between 100 to 110 μm was significantly higher than that of oocytes whose diameters were 100< μm and 110～120 μm (p<0.05). The penetration rate of oocytes determined that the percentages of ovaries with diameters between 1 to 5 mm and 6 to 10 mm were 32.9±3.2% and 17.5±3.7%, respectively. Thus, the diameters of the ovaries were significantly higher at 1 to 5 mm (p<0.05). A total of 264 oocytes were fixed and stained after co-incubation with sperm, of which 72 had identifiable nuclear material. After in vitro fertilization for 20 hrs, 27.3% of oocytes were penetrated by spermatozoas. Oocytes were fixed and stained after ICSI, of which 38 oocytes contained identifiable nuclear material. After in vitro fertilization and ICSI for 20 hrs, to 27.3% and 67.9% of oocytes were penetrated by spermatozoas. The in vitro fertilization rates by ICSI was significantly higher than that in vitro fertilization method (p<0.05).

In the present studies, we have intended to compare the EDS (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.4 M sucrose + 10% FCS) and EDT (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.3 M trehalose 10% FCS) methods for vitrification of canine oocytes, in order to improve the vitrification methods. The survival rate of vitrified‐thawed oocytes using the EDS method was 15.1±1.8% (p<0.05), which was lower than that of the control group (66.7±2.5%). About 45～55% of the vitrified‐warmed oocytes showed normal morphology, as assessed by PI staining. However, the ratio of survival rate of oocytes showed lower than that of normal morphology in comparison between EDS method and control group. The survival and developmental rates of vitrified‐warmed oocytes by the EDS and EDT methods were 16.7±1.4% and 11.1±0.8% and 8.3±1.4% and 4.4±1.8%, respectively (p<0.05). The results were significantly lower than the control group (66.7±2.5% and 16.7±3.7%). However, the survival rate of vitrified‐warmed oocytes using EDS method showed higher than that in the ETS group.

최근 환경문제로 인하여 비위생 매립폐기물의 처리문제가 사회적 큰 이슈가 되고 있으므로 이에 대한 친환경적 및 적정한 처리뿐만 아니라 환경단체나 언론 등에 대해서도 적극적으로 대처하고 대기 및 환경감시와 함께 토양, 지하수 오염 등에 대해서도 지속적으로 관리하는 종합적인 사후관리 및 종료가 필요하다. 사후관리 매립장에 대해서는 정비지침의 안정화도 조사기법에 의거하여 시설물현황 및 주변 환경오염도 등 관계법령이 정하는 방법에 따라 시설물에 대한 안정성 해석 등의 연구를 수행하여 사후관리 매립지에 대한 친환경적이고 안정적인 검사 관리를 통하여 지역 주민의 불안 및 갈등을 해소하는 등의 환경복지를 구현하여야 한다. 특히, 강원도 생태·경관보전지역 이전 인근 군부대, 주민들이 투기한 것으로 추정되는 매립폐기물로 인한 환경적 문제점을 사전에 예측, 평가함으로써, 토지보전 및 경관저하의 환경피해와 안전사고를 사전에 방지하고 현 상태에 대한 환경안전진단 및 향후 적정한 사후관리방안을 수립하여 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 사용종료 매립장에 대한 정비지침의 안정화도 조사기법에 의거하여 강원도 생태･경관보전지역내 해안사구에 매립된 폐기물의 매립심도 및 면적, 매립용량 등의 매립부지에 대한 실태를 실시하고 폐기물 매립부지에 대하여 현재 환경적 오염잠재력(매립폐기물, 매립가스, 침출수, 지하수, 지표수, 토양 등) 및 구조적 안정성(침하, 지지력 등)을 조사/분석하여 주변 환경오염도와 매립폐기물 안정화정도를 조사함으로써 사용종료 매립지의 정비 및 안정화 방안을 평가하였다.

사용이 종료된 폐기물매립시설은 2013년 6월 3일부터 폐기물관리법 제50조 제1항 및 제3항 사용종료 및 사후관리 매립시설에 대한 검사제도가 시행되어 사후관리기간이 20년에서 30년으로 연장됨에 따라 조기 안정화를 위한 공법들이 증가하고 있다. 특히, 폐기물매립시설은 사용을 끝내거나 폐쇄하려면 검사에서 적합 판정을 통과하여야 하며, 사후관리 대상인 폐기물매립시설에 대해서도 정기적으로 검사를 받도록 하고 있다. 이는 주변환경 피해를 사전에 방지할 수 있을 것으로 기대하며 장기적으로 관리되어야 할 사후관리 매립지 등의 혐오시설에 대한 친환경적이고 안정적인 검사 관리를 통과하여야 한다. 그 중 산간지역이나 공업지역에 건설된 폐기물 매립시설은 옹벽이나 제방 등을 축조하여 매립장을 조성하여 매립하였다. 이러한 매립시설물은 사후관리시 종료검사에서 적합 판정을 받도록 하고 있다. 사후관리 매립장에 대해서는 정비지침의 안정화도 조사기법에 의거하여 시설물현황 및 주변 환경오염도 등 관계법령이 정하는 방법에 따라 시설물에 대한 안정성 해석 등의 연구를 수행하여 사후관리 매립지 등의 혐오시설에 대한 친환경적이고 안정적인 검사 관리를 통하여 지역 주민의 불안 및 갈등을 해소하는 등의 환경복지를 구현하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 사용종료 매립장에 대한 정비지침의 안정화도 조사기법에 의거하여 울산지역내 00 매립지에 대한 시설물현황 및 주변 환경오염도 등 관계법령이 정하는 방법에 따라 물리적, 환경적 특성 등의 정밀조사를 실시하였다. 특히, 본 폐기물매립장은 L형 옹벽 건설 후 배면에 폐기물매립을 축조 및 복토로 부지를 조성되었으며 설치된 L형 옹벽에 대한 현장 실측을 통해 옹벽제원을 확인하여 활동, 전도, 지지력 안전성 해석을 평가하였다. 노후화된 구조물에 보수․보강을 위해서는 상태평가 결과와 안정성 평가결과 등을 정밀 검토한 후에 보수․보강의 필요성 및 공법, 손상구조물의 영향정도, 구조물의 중요도, 사용 환경조건 및 경제성 등에 의해서 보수․보강공법 및 보수 수준을 정하고 보수․보강 이후에는 상태평가 결과와 안정성 평가결과 등을 정밀검토한 후에 그 결과에 따라 사후조치를 취함으로서 시설물의 안전 및 유지관리를 확보하여야 할 것이다.