본 연구의 목적은 탐구를 도모하는 과학글쓰기를 이용한 학생주도적 모둠 탐구활동을 실시한 과학수업에서 나타난 변화를 탐색하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 학생의 활동 보고서, 학습 환경에 대한 인식, 담화유형을 변화의 핵심으로 보았다. 학생들의 탐구활동에서 비계의 역할을 할 수 있도록 과학 글쓰기 활동지를 개발하여 초등학교 4학년 1학급 29명의 학생을 대상으로 학생주도적 모둠 탐구활동에 적용하였다. 이를 위해 모둠 탐구활동은 2007 개정교육과정 4학년 1학기 4개 단원에서 총 16차시 수업을 실시하였고, 이를 모두 녹화하였다. 우선 학생 보고서를 분석하기 위해 Millar (2010)가 제시한 분석틀을 이용하여 과학탐구 정합성 평가의 틀로 활용하였다. 두 번째로 학생의 과학 수업 및 과학에 대한 인식의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 비교반 1개 반을 선정하여 과학수업 및 과학에 대한 인식을 사전 사후 비교하였다. 마지막으로 16차시 수업 중, 초기 수업과 말기 수업에서의 교사와 학생 간의 담화 형태가 어떻게 나타나는지 알아보았다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 얻어진 결과 통해 학생의 질문과 주장 사이의 정합성은 초기보다 말기에 증가했고, 학생의 자신의 학습 환경에 대한 인식이 좀 더 학생 중심 쪽으로 이동한 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 담화의 유형이 더욱 교사중심보다는 학생중심에 가까워졌음을 발견하였다.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of pre-service elementary teachers' understanding about scientific inquiry in terms of designing exploration and reasoning that is used to formulate explanations based on evidence. The research context was an open inquiry with using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) template in which participant students were not provided with inquiry questions. As data, lab. 39 pre-service elementary teachers participated in this study while taking their science methods course. Analyses of the reports were framed by the cognitive processes of inquiry (Chinn and Malhotra, 2002) and each report was coded and analyzed by the framework of inquiry (Tytler and Peterson, 2004). Results showed that groups' works that utilized the SWH template encouraged the participants to interact each other about scientific inquiry. They came up with more relevant and testable questions for their scientific inquiry. It implicates that children will be able to have chances of testing their own questions more properly by using the SWH template in science classes just as the participants did in this study. The use of the SWH template would help pre-service teachers to teach appropriately how to test inquiry questions to their students in the future. Discussion was made to figure out the characteristics or Korean pre-service elementary teachers' understanding about scientific inquiry.

This study aimed to explore how to characterize the earth science inquiry in schools in terms of science teaching interaction and constructivist teaching practice. The constructivist teaching practices were analyzed with Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) in three aspects including (1) student oriented class implementation, (2) subject knowledge and representation, and (3) classroom communication. Fourteen earth science classes were observed and scored with RTOP. The class was evaluated to be transitional stage in terms of constructivist teaching, e.g., moving toward student-centered teaching practice. Especially, Korean teachers tend to lean their classes more on propositional knowledge than procedural knowledge. To interpret science teaching interactions, an earth science teacher with a RTOP top rank was selected. Her class was then videotaped for detailed analysis. I adopted the analytical framework of communicative approaches and discourse patterns among the five aspects of interactions presented by Mortimer and Scott (2003). It was found that this earth science teacher used more authoritative patterns than the dialogic. In addition, she used IRE discourse pattern more frequently. Interestingly, teachers interacted with their students more frequently in the form of repeated (or IRE chain pattern), that is IRFRF (teacher initiation-student response-teacher feedback-student response-teacher feedback) in the context of dialogic communicative approaches, while simple IRE occurred in an authoritative approach. In earth science classrooms, typical interaction may well be constructed in the form of IRFRF chains to allow students free conjectures and abduction.

This study intended to find evidence of changes in teacher beliefs of teaching and learning and a case of infusing research experiences in teaching modules since their research participation. As part of this study, twenty three science and math teachers in Korea were provided with science research labs and field experiences in the University of Iowa for three weeks. The research units that teachers participated in for three weeks covered seven fields of subjects such as: geology, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, computer science, and environmental engineering. In the course of this study, the effectiveness of science research participation program was explored in terms of changing teacher beliefs and their production of teaching modules based on their research. This study especially focused on identifying changes of beliefs on science teaching and learning after participating in the research. A case study of a participant teacher was also conducted by comparing descriptively teaching modules before and after experiencing the program. It was found that the program affected the new modules and the research experiences affected participants' beliefs toward student centeredness.

본 연구에서는 교양지구과학과목을 수강하는 36명의 예비과학교사를 대상으로 가상현실(VR)의 사용을 한 차시에 걸쳐 시도하였다. 수업을 하기 전과 후에 구성주의 학습환경 조사(CLES)를 실시하였다. CLES의 주된 초점은 수업이 학생중심 수업환경을 얼마나 잘 보조하고 지원하는가다. 학생의 자신의 수업환경에 대한 사전 및 사후검사는 여섯가지 하위 영역으로 나뉜다.: 학생적절성, 비판적 시각, 교실통제의 나눔, 학생 간의 타협, 과학적 불확정성, 태도이다. 아울러 가상현실에 대한 미래교사의 인식에 대한 설문지도 실시하였다. 미래의 과학교사들이 가상현실 자료를 교실에서 사용하는 것에 대하여 어떻게 생각하는가를 본 연구를 통해 알아보고자 했다. 이들 결과를 바탕으로 교사 주도의 수업환경을 학생의 적극적 참여를 유도하는 수업에로의 변화를 도모하는 것과 같은 기존에 연구되지 않은 측면을 제안하여가상현실의 잠재력에 대한 보다 완벽한 이해를 꾀하려 하였다.

Since 1998, an elementary teacher education institute in Korea has hosted the center for the gifted education. The institute hired undergraduate students to escort and liaison each class of the gifted student participants with assisting classroom activities. These liaison teachers observed the gifted classroom activities and evaluated them by using a given checklist and filling out pre-made evaluation forms. Currently this system is being transferred from part-time jobs for students to earn allowance into well organized pre-service teacher program focusing on the gifted education. In other words, the purpose of system is being shifted from how liaison teachers facilitate the gifted program to how the system helps the liaison teachers to be quality teachers for the gifted who can understand what the gifted are and how to facilitate them. Analyzed were the self reports of the liaison teachers regarding their perceptions and beliefs of the gifted and their education program. It was found participant liaison teachers purposed to have more live experiences with getting along with students as well. Liaison teachers’ perceptions on establishing a gifted teacher professional education sequence were reported in this study. The potential scaffolding of the pre-service teacher education program model of the gifted education was provided as a consequence of this study.

The purpose of this study was to explore characteristics of natural history museum exhibits from the viewpoint of science education. A total of ninety exhibits for this study were examined in national science museums of Korea and Japan. Exhibits of Tokyo national science museum were again divided into two groups: the old and traditional types, and the new and renovated ones. Even though analyzing data was not undertaken through quantitative statistical process, the interpretation of the data was valid enough to fulfill the purpose of the research. While there were clear changes and differences between the old and the new types of exhibits in Tokyo national science museum, the old part of Tokyo museum was similar to one in Korea. Based on analyzing the new types of Tokyo museum, the current movement in the field of natural history museums of Korea explicitly has toward utilizing more science education concepts and ideas.

This study was designed to determine whether visitor behavior at science museums differs across various exhibit styles and between Family and Non Family groups. Eight exhibits in the natural history sections of the national science museum located in Daejeon were identified to have distinctive characteristics and styles. At each selected exhibit, visitor behavior was observed for an hour. An average of eighty people stopped by each exhibit. Descriptive analyses of visitors behaviors showed that: 1) families spent more time than non-family visitors; 2) families paid more attention to exhibits, for instance, they talked and commented about the exhibits; 3) exhibit characteristics related to holding power and attention span; 4) families more frequently visited exhibits related to school curriculum rather than ones that looked attractive, fun or novel. Visitors did not play with sensory simulation types of exhibits as much as expected. This implicates that exhibit style does not guarantee long visitors holding time and attracting power. Non-significant results are explained in terms of environmental and exhibit-related factors. Several potential factors including visitor factors, setting factors, and exhibit factors are discussed and explored with topics proposed for future study.

A peer assessment method was implemented as part of an action research project where the primary goal was to create constructivist science classrooms. Student reflective writings, which had been created in the process of action research, were analyzed to examine the perceptions of the students concerning the peer assessment method employed in their earth science classrooms. Five perception categories and thirteen statements were developed from the student writings. These indicated that the students appreciated the positive nature of peer assessment and the effects of it as an alternative method for promoting learning. It was also revealed, however, that some students displayed inappropriate behaviors toward peer assessment which led to negative perceptions of the new assessment method. Implications for future use of peer assessment in science classrooms are discussed. Limitations founded in the present study as well as possible solutions are provided.

교사들이 과학 교수학습에 대한 새로운 신념을 형성하려면, 학생들에게 제공할 것과 유사한 교수학습 방법을 직접 경험할 필요가 있다. 지구과학 교사 20명을 포함한71명의 한국 중등 과학교사들이 미국 중부 아이오와 대학교에서 실시된4주간의 여름 연수 프로그램에 참가하였고, 학생중심 수업에 대한 여러 가지 수업 및 활동을 경험하였다. 아울러 교사들은 각자 학생 역할과 교사 역할을 맡아서 모의 수업을 진행함으로써 학생중심 수업을 실제로 체험하기도 하였다. 본 연구는 교사들에게 제공된 이러한 교사 재교육프로그램에서의 경험이 교사들의 과학 교수 학습에 대한 신념에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 조사하였다. 연구대상이 된 신념은 구체적으로 과학학습의 목적, 교사와 학생의 역할 그리고 수업에 대한 것으로 총 7문항으로 제시되었다. 즉 교사들의 교사중심적인 교수, 학습에 대한 신념의 양상이 학생중심으로 옮겨갔다는 점이다. 물론 그 변화가 교사중심에서 완벽하게 학생중심으로 옮겨간 것을 의미하는 것이 라기보다 교사중심에서 탈피하거나 이에 반하는 쪽으로 변화했다는 것에 의의가 있다. 한편, 연수에서 경험한 협동학습이 참여 교사들의 긍정적인 방향으로의 신념변화를 초래한 주요 요인들 중의 하나였음을 보고한다.

본 연구의 목적은 세계의 유명한 자연사 박물관을 대상으로 관람객의 흥미도를 높이는 데 효과적인 전시 특성과 교육학적인 전시 특성을 알아보는데 있다. 대상이 되는 전시물은 런던에 있는 영국 자연사박물관, 시드니의 호주 박물관, 뉴욕 미국 자연사 박물관, 와싱턴 디시의 스미소니언 박물관이다. 특히 본연구에서 사용한 107개의 전시 표본들은 주로화석, 지구의 역사 그리고 광물과 같은 고체 지구과학교육 내용의 전시에 초점을 맞추었다. 조사를 위해 본 연구는 7개 항목으로 구성된 체크리스트를 완성했는데 각 항목들은 과학관과 자연사 박물관의 전시특성을 다루었던 기존의 문헌을 바탕으로 한 것이다. 또한 교육적인 측면은 Hein(1995)의 연구를 기초로 하였다. 이 연구에서 사용된 107개의 샘플 전시물은 연구자가 직접 방문하여 촬영하고 슬라이드 필름에 보관한 것을 통해 조사를 진행할 수 있었다. 위 4개의 박물관에 대한 조사 결과는 각기 특성있고 긍정적인 결과를 얻었으나 분석을 통해 각 박물관의 다소의 단점도 드러났다.

The Iowa Chautauqua Program has provided effective staff development for over 2,700 K-12 science teachers during the past two decades. This is a review of the features of the program, its instructional staff, and a description of the outcomes as disclosed from evaluative studies conducted by staff, teacher participants, doctoral students, and outside evaluators. Examples of outcomes are included as revealed from the qualitative studies reported in newsletters, published papers, dissertations, annual staff reports, and evidences of success reported to accrediting groups. The Chautauqua stresses student-centeredness, constructivist learning, and the visions of reform featured in the National Science Education Standards.

This is a descriptive study to identify patterns of teacher questioning discourse. Transcripts from Korean secondary science classrooms were examined while extensive review of literature on classroom discourse was carried out. When it is assumed that teacher questioning discourse can be categorized into different patterns by considering together the apparent exchange structures and pedagogical functions, various patterns of teacher questioning discourse were revealed. Although most patterns found illustrate the centrality of the teacher, a few of them are considered alternatives to the typical IRE discourse. A framework for classifying teacher questioning discourse is suggested and its implications for science teacher education and future research discussed.