Thrombospondins (TSP-1, TSP-2) are secretory extracellular glycoproteins that are involved in a variety of physiological processes such as tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the involvement of thrombospondins in the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells using the TSP-1 or TSP-2 antisense MG63 and MC3T3-E1 cell lines. For downregulation of TSPs expression, we prepared antisense constructs for TSP-1 and TSP-2 using the pREP4 an episomal mammalian expression vector, which be able to produce the specific antisense oligonucleotides around chromosome. MG63 and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were transfected with the antisense constructs and nonliposomal Fugene 6, and then selected under hygromycin B (50 μM/mℓ) treatment for 2 weeks. Western blot analysis revealed that expression of the TSP proteins was downregulated in the antisense cell lines. The cell adhesion assay showed that adhesive properties of TSP-1 and TSP-2 antisense MG63 cells on the polystyrene culture plate were reduced to 17% and 21% of the control cells, respectively, and those of the TSP-1 and TSP-2 antisense MC3T3-E1 cells also decreased to 19% and 27% of control, respectively. Adhesion of TSP-1 and TSP-2 antisense MC3T3-E1 cells on Type I collagen-coated culture plate decreased to 27% and 76%, respectively. These results indicate that TSP-1 and TSP-2 proteins may have an important role in adhesion of osteoblast-like cells to extracellular matrix.

In order to vitrify the combustible dry active waste (DAW) generated from Korean Nuclear Power Plants, a glass formulation development based on waste composition was performed. A borosilicate glass, DG-2, was formulated to vitrify the DAW in an induction cold crucible melter (CCM). The processability, product performance, and volume reduction effect of the candidate glass were evaluated using a computer code and were measured experimentally in the laboratory and CCM. The glass viscosity and electrical conductivity as the process parameters were in the desired ranges. Start-up and maintaining glass melt of the candidate glass were favorable in the CCM. The product of the glass product such as chemical durability, phase stability, and density was satisfactory. The vitrification process using the candidate glass was also evaluated assuming that it was operated as economically as possible.

원자력발전소에서 발생하는 이온교환수지와 가연성잡고체 혼합폐기물을 유리화하기 위하여 유도 가열식 저온용융로를 이용한 실증시험을 수행하였다. 금속 티타늄 고리(Ti-ring)를 이용한 유리의 초기점화에 필요한 에너지는 약 290 kWh로 평가되었다. 혼합폐기물의 투입 중 고주파발생기의 출력은 160∼190 kW로 임피던스는 0.55∼0.65 범위 내에서 안정적으로 유지되었다. 이온교환수지 단독투입 시 보다 가연성잡고체와 혼합 할 경우 CO 발생농도는 1/40 정도로 낮아졌는데, 이는 1.8배 정도 높은 연소에너지를 갖는 가연성잡고체가 혼합폐기물의 완전연소를 유도한 것으로 평가되었다. 혼합폐기물의 공급량에 적당한 최적 산소 버블링에 의해 유리 용탕 내부로의 미연폐기물의 함침은 발생하지 않았으며 유리 용탕은 지속적으로 공정 건전성을 유지하였다. 유리 용탕의 부피가 증가하는 팽창(swelling) 현상 때와 정상 일 때 발생가스를 측정, 비교한 결과 swelling 현상 때는 NO와 같이 환원성 가스의 농도 보다 산화성 기체인 의 농도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 실증시험에 사용된 이온교환 수지와 가연성잡고체의 각각 투입량은 368kg과 751kg 이었으며, 74 정도의 감용비를 달성하였다.

원전에서 발생된 중저준위 방사성 폐기물의 경우 처분장으로 이송되기 이전에 드럼에 대한 세부적인 정보 특히 핵종 재고량에 대한 평가가 수행되어야 한다. 그러나 드럼처리된 방사성폐기물의 경우 평가 대상 핵종 농도에 대한 예측이 어려운 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 이를 극복하고자 직접측정이 어려운 경우 척도인자 방법을 활용하고 있다. 국내의 경우 1996년부터 고리원전에서 척도인자 개념이 적용된 핵종분석장치를 운영해오고 있다. 그러나 고리원전에 적용된 척도인자의 경우 많은 개선의 여지가 남겨져 있다. 따라서 현재 척도인자의 향상을 위한 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 연구의 범위에 대한 개략적인 소개와 핵종 재고량 평가 방법 중 보다 신뢰할 수 있는 평가 방법을 찾고자 통계적인 척도인자 평가 방법을 비교 평가했으며 이를 통해 고리원전에 사용된 산술평균 방법을 기하평균 방법으로 바꾸는 것이 예측의 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 드럼내 핵종 재고량의 과대평가를 막고 합리적인 보수성을 유지할 수 있음을 알수 있었다.

균 열전 파 현상은 항상 형상이 변화하는 대표적인 문 제줌의 하나이다. 본 연 구는 준-정적 균열전파 현상올 해석하기 위 하여 듬로네이 특성을 이용한 국지 요소재편 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 이 알고리즘은 요소 재편성 과 세 분 화를 모 두 수행할 수 있도록 준비되었다. 적용예로 M 적분볍올 사용하여 주로 혼합 모우드로 균열이 전파되는 스폴링 현상을 해석하였다.

China and South Korea are friendly neighbors with a long history of exchanges and extremely similar cultural backgrounds, which provide favorable conditions for the development of Sino-South Korean trade. Moreover, the economies of the two countries are currently in different stages of development, and the industrial structures are complementary and each has its own needs, which also provides the necessity and reality for the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. China and South Korea have a long history of trade. After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea in 1992, bilateral trade has developed rapidly. China and South Korea trade has played a very important role in their respective foreign trade. If necessary, it also provides the necessity and reality for the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, and lays the foundation for the establishment of the China-Korea Free Trade Zone. As peace-loving China and South Korea, which yearns for the complete reunification of the motherland, the sustained and healthy economic development of the two countries has more practical significance. The trade cooperation and exchanges between China and South Korea have been in a very friendly state on the whole, but there is also a small amount of trade. Friction, starting from the love of peace and the desire to continue friendship between China and South Korea, the author carefully studies the content and puts forward his own unique opinions, strives not to stick to the rules, and absorbs the essence of international trade formed by different cultural backgrounds. Do your part in relationship development

This study was carried out to get the information of Plum tree (192 germplasm) collected in Korea, and to evaluate the organic acid contents and fermentation solution. The organic acid content of fruit was 50.9 ± 6.0 ㎎/g, and which was composed of 55.5% of citric acid, 43.4% of malic acid and 1.1% of oxalic acid, and showed large difference among germplasms. Oxalic acid and malic acid made no differences in organic acid content according to flesh color, whereas citric acid and total organic acid contents were highest in orange color and lowest in whitish green. Malic acid, citric acid and total organic acid contents did not show differences among fruit weight groups, but oxalic acid content was highest at fruit weight of 5.1 ~ 10.0 g and lowest at more than 20.1 g. The sugar content of fermentation solution of fruit was 55.7 ± 1.6 °Brix and the harvest rate was 116.7 ± 8.7%. The correlation coefficients among fruit weight, the sugar content (°Brix) and harvest rate of fermentation solution were very low, and there were correlations of r=–0.551** between fruit weight and oxalic acid, r=– 0.767** between malic acid and citric acid, and r=0.834** between citric acid and total organic acid content.

혈관 질환을 검사하기 위한 방법으로 방사선 장비를 이용한 검사들이 주를 이루기 때문에 본 연구를 통 해 뇌혈관 질환 검사에 있어 혈관 질환 검사에 사용되는 뇌혈관 조영술과 뇌혈관 전산화단층촬영검사의 입사표면선량(ESD; Entrance Surface Dose)을 비교 분석하여 뇌혈관 질환 검사 시 사용된 선량 결과에 따른 최적의 검사 방법 선택 유도 및 선량 저감화 방안에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 조영제 사용량을 측정 및 평가하여 조영제로 인한 부작용 발생 우려 시 권장 할 수 있는 검사선택 방법에 대해 알아보고자 연구를 진행하게 되었다. 대상으로는 2018년 6월부터 2018년 12월까지 여수지역 병원에서 뇌혈관 전산화 단층 촬영 검사를 시행한 70명 (남43, 여27)과 2018년 6월부터 2018년 11월까지 평택지역 병원에서 뇌혈관 조영술을 시행한 61 (남34, 여27)명을 대상으로 하였고, 분석 방법으로는 입사표면선량 데이터 값을 M-view와 PA CS PLUS를 통해 후향적으로 획득하였으며 조영제 측정은 실제 사용된 량을 측정하는 방법으로 진행하였 다. SPSS를 이용한 T-검정 분석결과 뇌혈관 조영술의 선량이 245.74±71.91 mGy로 전산화 단층 촬영검사의 선량 277.79±79.65 mGy보다 32.05±7.74 mGy만큼 낮았으며 t=3.249, p=0.017로 통계적으로 유의했고(p<0.05) 조영제 총 사용량 비교 분석 결과에선 뇌혈관 조영술 시 사용된 평균 조영제 사용량이 55.05±17.68 ml로 전산화 단층 촬영 검사에서 사용된 70 ml의 조영제 양보다 약 14.95 ml만큼 적었으며 t=-4.548, p<0.001로 통계적으로 유의했다. 결론적으로 뇌혈관 조영술의 선량이 전산화 단층 촬영검사보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고, 조영제 사용량 또한 전산화 단층 촬영검사보다 유의할 만큼 적었으므로 뇌혈관 질환 검사에 있어 뇌혈관 조영술의 활용을 늘리는 방안이 피폭선량 저감화를 위한 방법임과 동시에 조영제 사용량을 감소시 킬 수 있는 방안이라 생각된다.

Purpose - Unlike in the past, individualistic thought is more dominant than groupism where members prioritize organizations. Such changes run counter to the direction of the survival of the companies, which calls for companies to explore strategies to address thems. As one of the solutions, many people highlights social capital. However, since most studies have been conducted on the definition and characteristics of social capital, there is not enough prior factor research on the formation of social capital. So the current situation require researches on the formation of social capital. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve the purpose, the literature and the empirical studies were combined. Deriving workplace democracy and servant leadership as factors affecting the formation of social capital through the literature, and this factors have modeled assumptions about the impact on social capital, and have established hypotheses to verify them. The survey which is conducted to verify the hypothesis and questionnaires are derived base on the variables used in the previous studies. The survey was conducted 447 respondents in Korea. Results - As a result, we found that the workplace democracy is positively functioning with the formation of social capital. It means that the democracy functions as a universal element to enhance the quality of social capital at the workplace. The evidence also shows that the positive impacts of the servant leadership on the formation of social capital. And the survey shows that groups with high level servant leadership had a higher impact on the formation of social capital than those with low levels leadership. Conclusions – At present, the social capital has become an important factor for the companies pursuing high performance workplaces. We found that the workplace democracy and the servant leadership affect the formation of social capital. It means that to increase the employees’ sense of community and solidarity, it is need to form democratic environment with the servant leadership. Therefore, based on the results of this study, the workplace democracy and the servant leadership can present strategic implications that can increase the social capital.

Chinese cabbage grown during autumn season is confronted with drought conditions for a certain period, especially during the early growth stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress on plant growth characteristics, as well as free amino acid, carotenoid, and proline in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage seeds (Bulam Plus) were germinated, and all the seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers (28 ㎝ diameter × 22 ㎝ high) containing a commercial growth medium. The soil water content was measured and maintained at 10% for the drought-stressed plants and at 30% for the control plants, for three weeks. The results revealed that plant growth parameters were lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants. The total free amino acid content tended to decrease in both drought-stressed and control plants with time. The total free amino acid content was found to be lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants and the proline content was unaffected. Moreover, at three weeks after treatment, carotenoid content in drought stressed plants was significantly higher than that in the untreated plants. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effects of drought stress on plant growth parameters, free amino acid, carotenoids, and proline accumulation in autumn growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage have not been widely studied in Korea, and our study provides valuable information in this regard, as Chinese cabbage is consumed throughout the year in Korea.

Background : This study was carried out to provide basic data for the cultivation of the rare Glehnia littoralis in Korean Midwest. Methods and Results : In Korean Midwest, Glehnia littoralis was distributed at an average dis tance of 36.1m from the shoreline. The average altitude of the emergence area was 4.2m and the average slope was 4.3%. All the Glehnia littoralis grew on the sand of the coastal sand d unes. The average pH of habitat was 8.4, the organic matter content was 0.4%, and the avail able phosphate content was 9.1 ㎎/㎏. The potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium of exc hangeable cation were 0.09, 9.31, 0.43 and 0.23 cmol+/㎏, respectively. Conclusions : Glehnia littoralis are native to the coastal sand dunes, but when cultivated, it is necessary to extend the range of soil selection.

Background : This study was carried out to provide basic data for in-situ conservation of the rare Glehnia littoralis in Korean Midwest. Methods and Results : In Korean Midwest, The average number of plants with Glehnia littora lis were 7 taxa in per plot, and Sinduri was the most abundant in 8 taxa among the surveyed areas. The total number of plants that appeared together were 16 taxa including Glehnia littor alis, the plants were Artemisia capillaris, Asparagus schoberioides, Calystegia soldanella, Care x kobomugi, Carex pumila, Elymus mollis, Glehnia littoralis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Ischaemum anthephoroides, Ixeris repens, Lathyrus japonica, Miscanthus sinensis, Oenothera bi ennis, Rosa rugosa, Vitex rotundifolia and Zoysia macrostachya. Among them, Carex kobomug i (46.3%), Elymus mollis (15.9%), and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (11.7%) were the pla nts with an average coverage of more than 10%. The plants that appeared in all 4 sites in th e survey area were Carex kobomugi and Carex pumila. Conclusions : Rare medicinal plant of Glehnia littoralis was required to be in-situ conservatio n with accompanying plants of coastal sand dunes.

Background : This study was carried out to provide the basic data for selection of excellent resources and true seeds of southern medicinal plant (Camellia japonica). Methods and Results : Camellia japonica seedlings (measure in October, seeding in May) were 7.4 leaves, 1.0 g leaf dry weight, 6.7 ㎝ stem length, 2.9 ㎜ stem diameter, 0.3 g stem dry weight, 17.3 ㎝ root length, 1.0 g root dry weight, 2.0 g plant dry weight and 1.4. T/R ratio. Leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem diameter and root dry weight were higher than average after 1.21 g of seed weight. Stem length was higher than average after 1.01 g of seed weight, plant dry weight was higher than average after 0.81 g of seed weight, and stem dry weight was higher than average after 0.61 g of seed weight. Seedling growth was good when the seeds were heavy, and T/R ratio tended to decrease when the seeds were heavy. Conclusions : In order to mass-produce of seedlings using Camellia japonica seeds, it was necessary to specify the weight and size of the seeds.

Background : This study was carried out to provide the basic data for selection of excellent resources and true seeds of southern medicinal plant (Camellia japonica). Methods and Results : The germination rate at room temperature and 4℃ dry storage did not show a tendency according to seed weight. The germination rate of 4℃ wet sand storage increased with seed weight but showed very low germination rate at 120 days of storage. The germination rate at 4℃ wet filter paper storage was higher than 80% in 60 days, 90 days and 120 days storage, and there was no difference in germination rate with seed weight. The mean number of germination days was about 30 days in average at room temperature and 4℃ dry storage, but wet storage (sand, filter paper) was short as about 13 days. Conclusions : The seeding of Camellia japonica seeds (last autumn harvest) in the spring of the next year was evaluated as the most efficient way to 4℃ wet filter paper storage