The conodonts from the Carboniferous Limestone (Kohlenkalk) of the Velbert Anticline in the Rhenish Slate Mountains (W. Germany) and from the nodular limestone of the Genicera Formation in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW. Spain) are analyzed to study their biofacies. Among conodonts from the Carboniferous Limestone are Gnathodus and Paragnathodus very abundant. Together with these conodonts, Mestognathus, Cavxsgnathus and Eotaphrus, which occur commonly in shallow-water, high-energy environment, are produced from the biosparitic limestone of the Kohlenkalk. From the nodular limestone of the Genicera Formation are yielded Gnathodus and Paragnathodus, which are known to indicate a deep-water, low-energy environment. It could be interpreted that the Carboniferous Limestone of the Velbert Anticline has deposited in a relatively shallow, high-energy environment, whereas the nodular limestone of the Genicera Formation has developed in a low-energy, pelagic environment.

Heavy metal ions in water were removed using algal biomass as adsorbents. Absorbents were dried for 3 days, ground them by 40∼60 mesh and then were swelled in a buffer solution for 1hr. After being packed in the column, commercially available standard solution of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) ions were diluted to get the suitable concentration and then it was eluted with the rate of 1 ㎖/min. Heavy metals on the adsorbents were recovered with nitric acid. More amounts of Cd(Ⅱ) or Pb(Ⅱ) ions in green algae, Ulva pertusa, than in brown algae, Sargassum hornerl, were adsorbed. Pb(Ⅱ) ion was adsorbed more than Cd(Ⅱ) ion in both algae. The pH effect of adsorbed amounts of Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ) ions on the biomass was shown the following order ; pH 10.5 > 8.5 > 7.0 > 5.5 > 3.5. Recovery ratio of metal ions from algae is shown higher in acidic or neural conditions than It in alkalis ones. Pb(Ⅱ) ion is recovered relatively more than Cd(Ⅱ) ion in our system.