The rapid development of biotechnology has increased the importance of microorganisms or their genetic information. Thus, the Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization was established, and countries are working to secure industrially and academically useful bioresources to deal with the agreement. In the case of Korea, because 67% of bioresources are imported from abroad, we are required to secure domestic bioresources as well. The number of isolated foodborne illness-causing microorganisms is predicted to invrease based on the incresing number of outbreaks of foodborne illness each year. Consequently, appropriate long-term preservation methods are necessary to secure the isolated microorganisms for the purpose of research and resourcification. Therefore, the long-term preservation methods for bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa were investigated in this study, from domestic and international bioresource banks, and the functions of the cryoprotectants were reviewed and discussed. This review should be informative in the preservation of microorganisms and contribute to the development of biotechnology.

An 8-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog was presented with a one-month history of erythema, swelling and alopecia of periocular region with pruritus. The skin lesions were first detected at the age of three years, but this was the first time that symptoms had appeared in the eyes. Physical examination revealed markedly swollen and erythematous eyelids and conjunctiva including Meibomian glands. In addition, periocular alopecia and tears were identified. Slit lamp microscopy revealed erythema of conjunctiva and swelling of Meibomian glands. The Schirmer’s tear test was normal. Impression smear cytology of eyes revealed sterile neutrophils and corneal epithelial cells. There were no virus or bacterial infections in the eyes. On skin examination, generalized erythema was detected but there were no other skin lesions. A case of allergic blepharoconjunctivitis associated with canine atopic dermatitis was diagnosed based on history taking and skin examination. Treatment included cetirizine, cyclosporine, prednisolone and Forus eye drops®. The owner was instructed to wear an Elizabethan collar around his dog's neck at all times and restrict walking. And the diet was changed to hypoallergenic dog food. Medications and environmental restrictions significantly reduced erythema, edema and swelling of meibomian glands. Pruritus was also decreased. Six weeks later, the edema lesions of eyes disappeared.

수처리용 멤브레인의 기능 개선은 물과 에너지 자원 부족의 문제를 해결할 대표적인 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 나노 멤브레인을 활용한 정수 과정이 실용 가능할 수준에 도달하려면, 여과막의 표면에 박테리아나 미생물이 축적되는 생물 오손 (biofouling)을 해소하는 전략이 필수적으로 고안되어야 한다. 더 높은 내구성을 가지면서도 기본적인 목적인 여과에 대한 성 능 저하 없이 작동하는 수처리용 멤브레인을 합성하기 위해 현재 수많은 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 이러한 연구들에서 다루어 지는 전략들은 크게 두 가지 종류로 분류될 수 있다. 이 중 일반적으로 제시되는 유형은 멤브레인의 표면에 은 나노 입자를 고정하는 방식이다. 은 나노 입자를 활용하는 방법에도, 은 나노 입자가 오염 방지의 역할을 효과적으로 수행하는 데 필요한 표면과의 유의미한 결합을 실현하기 위해 여러 가지 세부 전략들이 제안되어진다. 은 나노 입자를 사용하는 방식에서 단점이 나 독성 유발 가능성 등의 위험성이 제기되면서, 은 외에도 구리, 그래핀 또는 아연 산화물, 아민 부분과 같은 물질의 입자들 을 적용하여 멤브레인을 알맞게 기능화 하는 유형의 연구들 또한 진행되었다. 위 두 가지 유형의 전략들을 주제로 한 연구들 은 여러 번의 시도와 실험을 거쳐 합성된 멤브레인의 표면에서 박테리아의 박멸이나 그의 번식을 예방하는 등의 몇 가지 주 목할 만한 성과를 낳았으며, 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요한 점들을 제시하였다. 본 리뷰논문은 금속 나노 입자 및 기타 물질들 이 수처리용 멤브레인의 표면과 결합하여 그의 방오화 특성에 기인하는 영향을 조사한 연구들에 대하여 다루고 있다.

The number of hand knitters has increased dramatically in the past few years. Recently, various hand knitted items have been seen in many fashion collections. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the design features of hand knitted items in the collections from Daniela Gregis. This brand was selected because it featured knitted items in its collections every season. An empirical analysis about form, material, color and knitting technique was done for hand knitted items from Daniela Gregis’ collections from 2012 S/S to 2018 S/S. The results can be summarized as follows: In terms of form, garments such as pullovers, cardigans, and shawls used basic components, and accessories such as bags, mufflers, hats, and decorative pieces had various shapes. In the material, there were many items that expressed unique textures by combining various materials such as a mix of fabric and yarn. With regards to color, orange, yellow, and red were mainly used as accent colors, and combinations of two or more colors were prominent in the items. In terms of knitting technique, the methods used in the collections were mostly simple and basic. Among various techniques, plain knitting, garter knitting, and single crochet methods were mainly used. While this study is limited to the characteristics of hand knitted items from a single brand, therefore cannot be generalized for all knit fashion, the study provides basic data that could facilitate the revitalization of the hand knitting industry and expand the application range of hand knitting techniques.