Osteolipoma is a very rare histologic variant of lipoma that exhibits bone formation. According to the tumor presentation, endosteal, parosteal, and soft tissue variants are reported. Osteolipoma is an extremely rare tumor. They have been found at various sites, with the highest frequency in head and neck regions. We report a case of parosteal osteolipoma in the left distal femur.

Detection of oral cancer is only depend on biopsy. We analyzed the usefulness of smear cytology in the detection of the squamous epithelial lesions of the oral cavity. The author collected a total of 54 cases of oral cytology and some corresponding biopsies from the patients who had a leukoplakia or ulceration of the oral mucosa over 12 months. Cytology slides were prepared using ThinPrep method and stained with Papanicolaou stain. The cytologic diagnoses were categorized based on The Bethesda System and the histologic diagnoses were classified as negative, oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN) I, OIN II, OIN III, or squamous cell carcinoma. Cytohistologic correlations were reviewed. Three cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 5 cases of OIN III, and 46 cases of non-neoplastic benign lesions (including 7 cases of reactive atypia and 39 cases of within normal limit) were detected. Three cases of reactive atypia and 1 case of OIN III were confirmed as OIN I through follow-up biopsy. The cause of error was interpretation error in all cases. The concordance rate of oral cytology and biopsy was 92.6%. Oral cytology is a useful primary screen of OIN and oral cancer.

Primary sarcoma of the breast is extremely rare and it is a diagnosis of exclusion, notably metaplastic carcinomas and malig-nant phyllodes tumors. We present a case of 53-year old Korean female with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with CD10 expression. It was a high grade tumor composed of spindle cells, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed negati- vity for cytokeratins and CD34, but focal positivity for actin, diffuse positivity for CD10 and vimentin. These results led to the diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. This case represents a rare variant of primary breast sarcoma which imposes a diagnostic difficulty, and highlights the importance of CD10 expression.

Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign soft tissue mass consisted of abundant densely hyalinized collagen with calcifications and patchy infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The etiology and pathogenesis of this entity are unknown. Recently we experienced a case of CFT of the peritoneum in 37-year-old man. Complete removal of this lesion was performed.

Macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MFV-PTC) is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma. The tumors are easily misdiagnosed as benign due to their macrofollicular structures with bland-looking cytologic findings. The author experienced a rare case of MFV-PTC with pelvic bone metastasis 10 years after initial surgery. The patient was a 55-year-old female with a history of right thyroid lobectomy. The encapsulated nodule consisted of variable sized follicles with no nuclear atypia. The initial diagnosis was a nodular hyperplasia. She had recently suffered from pelvic discomfort due to metastasizing thyroid carcinoma. The thyroid was reevaluated and revised as MFV-PTC.

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) serves as an integrator of environmental stress such as drought, to trigger stomatal closure by regulating specific ion channels in guard cells. We previously reported that SLAC1, an outward anion channel required for stomtal closure, was regulated via reversible protein phosphorylation events involving ABA signaling components including protein phosphatase 2C members and a SnRK2-type kinase (OST1). In this study, we reconstituted the ABA signaling pathway as a protein-protein interaction relay from the PYL/RCAR type receptors, to the PP2C-SnRK2 phosphatase-kinase pairs, to the ion channel SLAC1. The ABA receptors interact with and inhibit PP2C phosphatase activity against the SnRK2-type kinase, releasing active SnRK2 kinase to phosphorylate and activate the SLAC1 channel, leading to reduced guard cell turgor and stomatal closure. Both yeast-two hybrid and bi-molecular fluorescence complementation assays were used to verify the interactions among the components in the pathway. The biochemical assays demonstrated the activity modifications of phosphatases and kinases by their interaction partners. The SLAC1 channel activity was used as a readout for the strength of the signaling pathway depending on the presence of different combinations of signaling components.