In this study, the risk factors which derive from the ground condition of typical construction sites are put forward. In order to prioritize the risk elements, the analytical method of AHP was used. The result of using a weighting factor for each risk analysis showed that if the constituency index is less than 0.1, then reliable results and priorities for each of the risk elements can be calculated using the AHP method. From now on, if the range of measured value can be established, the risk or safety value of concrete structures for power lines can be applicable.

With the rapid development of sequencing technologies, next-generation sequencing is widely utilized for molecular breeding in several crops including rice. We performed whole genome resequencing of ten Korean rice accessions including six cultivars and four mutant lines. In total, 2,448 million raw reads were generated with over 58x coverage of Nipponbare genome. We mapped the reads from each of the ten accessions onto genomic sequence of japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare. We detected 3,144,016 SNPs, which estimated to be one per 2.2kb on average. We found SNPs in genes that have been reported to be involved in rice flowering time regulation and bacterial blight resistance among ten rice accessions. Unmapped region against Nipponbare genome occupied about 1 ~ 2% in each accession. Over 50% of the unmapped region were found in the repeat region. The minimum length of gap in all accessions were 1bp and the maximum length of gap was 45,967bp in Ilpum. We also identified 3,497 possible gene loss events within these unmapped regions. The frequency of gene loss in each chromosome ranged from 33 on chromosome 5 to 913 on chromosome 11. The genetic variations we detected among ten rice accessions will provide invaluable resources for identification of genes associated with diverse traits of agronomical importance for molecular breeding.

In order to find new genetic sources of rice salt tolerance, we did screening with about 10,000 rice mutant lines created by Ac/Ds insertional mutagenesis. First, we raised rice seedlings with media soil on 0.7% NaCl solution and selected 71 putative salt tolerant lines and analyzed their Ds insertion sites. We tested their salt tolerance by growing seedlings on MS medium containing, 0 mM, 150 mM, and 250 mM NaCl. Also, their seedling salt tolerance were evaluated by growing on Yoshida nutritional solution containing 0.6% NaCl. Finally, we selected eight mutant lines showing increased seedling salt tolerance compared with wild type variety, Dongjin, repeatedly. We grow them in rice field and investigated their agronomic traits such as heading time, culm length, panicle length, and panicles per hill. Among them two lines which were named Salt10 and Salt23 and showed favorable agronomic characteristics were crossed with Dongjin for further genetic analysis and mapping the causative gene variation.

Progress in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled discovery of massive amount of genome-wide DNA polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (InDels), which are an invaluable resource to analyze genetic diversity in a population. We performed whole-genome resequencing of ten Korean rice accessions including six cultivars and four mutant lines. A total of 2,448 million raw reads was generated with 58-fold coverage and uniquely mapped to 87.5% of the Nipponbare as a reference genome. We identified 3,240,025 DNA polymorphisms including 2,867,878 SNPs, 151,845 insertions and 220,302 deletions between the Korean rice accessions and Nipponbare. We observed that in ten Korean rice accessions, the frequency of potential SNPs was estimated to be one per 2.1kb on Nipponbare (382Mb). According to annotation of DNA polymorphisms, 634,617 SNPs were found in gene region, and only 169,738 SNPs were occurred in coding region. Altogether, 86,251 non-synonymous SNPs were located on 76,891 genes. We also examined the cultivar-specific SNPs to select candidate SNPs which would have possibility of being associated with unique phenotype or agronomical trait of each cultivar. It was estimated that the portion of cultivar specific SNPs is 1~12% of the total SNPs. These DNA polymorphisms obtained from our result will provide an invaluable resource to identify molecular markers and genes associated with diverse traits of agronomical importance.

In plants, the Dof (DNA binding with One Finger) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors with a particular class of zinc-finger DNA-binding domain. The Dof genes have been predicted 30 different Dof genes in the rice Oryza sativa genome by phylogenetic analysis. The mostly Dof proteins contain a conserved region of 50 amino acids with a C2-C2 zinc finger motifs that binds a cis-regulatory element sequence 5’-T/AAAAG-3’. We found that a member of the DOF transcription factor family, Dof1 gene of rice, was expressed to wound from Ds insertion mutant population. Sequencing of the flanking regions of the transposon insertion site indicated that the gene-trap had been inserted near the front of the second exon of OsDof1 gene in chromosome 7. Genomic southern analysis revealed that mutant line contained a single copy of Ds gene trap. The Ds tagged rice mutant line, OsDof1::Ds, wound-inducible GUS expression was identified. To analyze the cis-acting elements, we constructed fusion genes with the OsDof1 promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and transformed Arabidopsis and rice plants with these constructs. Wound-induced GUS expression was observed in the leaves of transgenic OsDof1::GUS rice and Arabidospsis plants. These results showed that, OsDof1 protein might be involved in stress responses and growth regulation in plant, might plays a role as a transcription regulator in stress response signal transduction pathways of plant.

MYB-like domain (MLD) gene is a transcription factor that plays a diverse role in plant development and in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we isolated and developed CaMV35S::OsMLD rice lines and determined its expression pattern under abiotic stresses. It has Myb_CC_LHEQLE superfamily similar to most transcription factor genes but with a very unique binding domain of SHLQKYR in the C-terminal region. Overexpressing rice lines showed enhanced tolerance to salinity with elevated mRNA transcript. Additionally, mRNA transcripts were up-regulated by ABA, H2O2 and dehydration stresses. Further investigation in the enhanced tolerance to salinity showed an increased accumulation of proline and a decreased in malondialdehyde contents indicating that OsMLD gene may be involved in the regulation of proline and osmolytes during abiotic stresses. These results showed that OsMLD gene could be used in the development of rice intended for soil with salinity-related problem.

Advances in genome sequencing technologies have aided discovery of millions of genome-wide DNA polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (InDels), which are an invaluable resource to analyze genetic diversity in a population. We performed whole-genome resequencing of ten Korean rice accessions including six cultivars and four mutant lines. A total of 2,447 million raw reads were generated with over 58x coverage and detected 3,240,025 DNA polymorphisms between the Korean rice accessions and Nipponbare as reference genome. We observed that in ten Korean rice accessions, the frequency of potential SNPs was estimated to be one per 2.1kb on Nipponbare (382Mb). Potential SNPs were classified into two types, homozygous SNP and heterozygous SNP, which approximately 87% of the total was homozygous SNPs from ten accessions and heterozygous SNPs accounted for 13%. According to annotation of DNA polymorphisms, 634,620 SNPs were found in gene region, and only 169,738 SNPs were occurred in coding region. Altogether, 86,251 non-synonymous SNPs were located on 76,891 genes. We also examined genes which had at least one SNP in all ten accessions. It was estimated that the total of 290 genes had one or more non-synonymous SNPs and 25 genes had only synonymous SNPs. These genes were functionally classified based on gene ontology (GO). These DNA polymorphisms obtained from our result will provide an invaluable resource to identify molecular markers and genes associated with diverse traits of agronomical importance.

Logistics in a supply chain network has become an important operational strategy in a competitive market. A number of internal and external risks involved in the logistics operations in a company tend to create problems in fulfilling customer orders. This research presents how ERM (enterprise risk management) can be used to identify, assess, and control logistics risks. An electronic company's logistics activities were used as an industry case to demonstrate a way to identify and assess risks surrounding global logistics function. This paper has further presented action plans to mitigate the impact of the risks that occur.

The objective of this study was to investigate the variation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.; CMV) seed quality after flowering. We tagged individual open flowers of CMV at the day of maximum flowering(11 May) in Seoul, Korea. Seed samples were harvested serially at 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after flowering(DAF). To compare with dried seeds, non-dried seeds were tested immediately after harvest and the remaining seeds were placed at room temperature for 4 weeks. Seed length, 1000 seed weight, moisture content, germination rate(GR), mean germination time(MGT), germination speed(GS), germination performance index(GPI) and physical dormancy rate(PDR) were investigated. Seed length increased to 2.6 mm and 1000 seed weight reached up to 2.2 g until 25 DAF. Seed moisture content dramatically decreased from 20 to 25 DAF. Moisture content of non-dried seed(7.5%) was similar to that of dried seed(5.5%) at 25 DAF. The rate of seed viability reached up to 94% at 25 DAF. In case of dried seed, GR increased up to 39% at 25 DAF whereas GR of non-dried seed varied from 5 to 10%. GS and GPI of dried seed were significantly higher than those of non-dried seed since 25 DAF. PDR of dried seed has decreased since 20 DAF, whereas PDR of non-dried seed has increased. GR, GS and GPI increased as PDR decreased. Our results evidenced that PDR might be one of major factor in variation of seed quality, of which development was completed at 25 DAF.