In the coastal areas of Jeju Island, composed of volcanic rocks, saltwater intrusion occurs due to excessive pumping and geological characteristics. Groundwater level and electrical conductivity (EC) in multi-depth monitoring wells in coastal areas were characterized from 2005 to 2019. During the period of the lowest monthly precipitation, from November 2017 until February 2018, groundwater level decreased by 0.32-0.91 m. During the period of the highest monthly precipitation, from September 2019 until October 2019, groundwater level increased by 0.46-2.95 m. Groundwater level fluctuation between the dry and wet seasons ranged from 0.79 to 3.73 m (average 1.82 m) in the eastern area, from 0.47 to 6.57 m (average 2.55 m) in the western area, from 0.77 to 8.59 m (average 3.53 m) in the southern area, and from 1.06 to 12.36 m (average 5.92 m) in the northern area. In 2013, when the area experienced decreased annual precipitation, at some monitoring wells in the western area, the groundwater level decreased due to excessive groundwater pumping and saltwater intrusion. Based on EC values of 10,000 μS/cm or more, saltwater intrusion from the coastline was 10.2 km in the eastern area, 4.1 km in the western area, 5.8 km in the southern area, and 5.7 km in the northern area. Autocorrelation analysis of groundwater level revealed that the arithmetic mean of delay time was 0.43 months in the eastern area, 0.87 months in the northern area, 10.93 months in the southern area, and 17.02 months in the western area. Although a few monitoring wells were strongly influenced by nearby pumping wells, the cross-correlation function of the groundwater level was the highest with precipitation in most wells. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model indicated that the groundwater level will decrease in most wells in the western area and decrease or increase in different wells in the eastern area.

Investigating the physical and chemical properties of riverine wetlands is necessary to understand their distribution characteristics and depositional environment. This study investigated the physical (particle size, color, and type) and chemical properties (organic, inorganic, and moisture contents) of sediments in Samrak wetland, located in the Nakdong River estuary area in Busan, South Korea. The particle size analysis indicated that the hydraulic conductivity values for the coarse grain and the mixture of coarse and fine grains ranged from 2.03 to 3.49×10−1 cm s−1 and 7.18×10−3 to 1.24×10−7 cm s−1 , respectively. In-situ water quality and laboratory-based chemical analyses and radon-222 measurement were performed on groundwater and surface water in the wetland and water from the nearby Nakdong River. The physical and chemical properties of Samrak wetland was characterized by the sediments in the vertical and lateral direction. The concentrations of chemical components in the wetland groundwater were distinctly higher than those in the Nakdong River water though the wetland groundwater and Nakdong River water equally belonged to the Ca-HCO3 type.

농촌지역에서는 농업활동의 영향에 의한 질산성질소 오염이 천부지하수를 생활용수나 먹는물로 사용하는데 큰 장애요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 충남 예산군 효교리 농업지역의 천부지하수의 수질특성을 토지용도 및 토양층의 화학성분과 연계하여 고찰하였다. 지하수의 NO3-N 평균 농도는 생활용수와 농업용수 수질 기준을 초과하며, 이는 비료, 축산폐수, 생활하수 등의 인위적인 오염원으로부터 유래하는 것으로 판단된다. 연구지역 지하수 수질형은 주로 Ca(Na)-Cl형에 속하는 것으로 나타나며, 일반적인 천부지하수의 수질형인 Ca-HCO3형과는 다르다. 논 및 기타(상류, 목장, 주거) 지역과 밭 지역으로 구분하여 지하수의 NO3-N 농도를 비교한 결과, 밭 지역의 NO3-N의 평균 농도는 22.8 mg L−1이고, 논 및 기타 지역의 NO3-N 평균 농도는 7.7 mg L−1로서 밭 지역의 NO3-N의 평균 농도가 높게 나타난다. 이는 논지역이 낮은 투수성을 가지고, 밭지역은 높은 투수성을 가지기 때문이다. Mann-Kendall 검정과 Sen 검정에 의한 경향성 분석 에 의하면, NO3-N 농도는 매년 0.011 mg/L 정도로 매우 약한 감소 추세를 보여주고 있으며, 이는 현재 지하수내 NO3-N 농도가 거의 평형상태에 있음을 지시한다. 한편 SO4 2− 농도는 매년 −15.48% 씩 감소하며, HCO3 − 농도는 매년 −13.75% 씩 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 입도분석에 의한 수리전도도는 지표하 5 m까지의 심도에서 평균 1.86×10−5 cm s−1을 보이며, 모래층에서는 1.03×10−4 cm s−1을 그리고 실트층에서는 2.50×10−8 cm s−1을 보인다.