In this paper, we compared the efficiencies of national R&D investments between NT (Nanotechnology) areas in terms of papers, patents, and commercializations, and found ways to improve the efficiencies of national R&D investments for each NT area. This is in response to huge R&D investments government has made recently in NT areas.Here, we collected data on investments, papers, patents, and commercializations for the R&D projects in NT areas through National Science & Technology Information Service. Based on the data, we analyzed the investment and performances (papers, patents, and commercializations) for each NT area, calculated the efficiency for each NT area, and compared the efficiencies between NT areas. Next, using cluster analysis, we identified several NT areas with similar characteristics in terms of paper efficiency, patent efficiency and commercialization efficiency. Finally, we derived implications for the efficiency enhancement for each grouping.The cluster analysis showed that there could be two groups, one being low in terms of technological outcome (papers and patents) efficiencies and high in terms of commercialization efficiencies, while the other being high in terms of technological outcome (papers and patents) efficiencies and low in terms of commercialization efficiencies. Therefore, the strategy for one group calls for support for technology transfer or technology introduction from other R&D performers and grant of guidance for improving R&D performers’ commercialization ability to other R&D performers while the strategy for the other group calls for R&D support for transfer of technology to other R&D performers, activation of technology transfer and support for commercialization of R&D performers.

China is a one of the largest agricultural countries in the world. China consumes around 12.5 billion kilograms of seeds each year. Suchhuge demand for seeds has made the Chinese seed market more and more attractive for investment. Through analysis on the present situation and existing problems of the seed industry in China and based on the current Chinese seed industry development, some future prospects for investments are indicated. This investigation was carried out to propose the appropriate strategies on the development of the Korea seed industry as it considers its entry into the China seed market as a new growth engine in the agricultural sector. The basic law regulating the Chinese seed industry is the PRC Seed Law that generally refers to the protection of germplasm resources, verification of varieties, seed quality issues, the import and export of seeds, seed administrative management, and various rights and obligations. The regulations were aimed at the protection of the rights concerning new varieties of plants. China has two main industry associations, the National Seed Association and the China Seed Industry IP Union, that are non-profit associations consisting of entities and people engagin in the seed scientific research, production, operation and management. The China National Seed Group Co., Ltd. (“Sino Seeds”) is the market leader in China regarding the seed industry. The chinese government, however, encourages investment from multinational companies as well as importation of modern crop planting management technologies and equipment. It supports the entry of investors with proven experiences in breeding and germplasm resources expansion and R&D. There has never been a better time for multinational companies with proven seed industry experience to look at building relationships with the Chinese government and enterprises.

These experiments was carried out to get high quality of forage to cultivate mixed barley and winter pea with different seeding rates, 200 and 140 kg/ha in barley, and seeding rates in winter pea were 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha. And these were tested in Iksan from 2006 to 2007 for two years. The results were followed. Dry weight in only barley seeding of 200 kg/ha was 0.9 ton/ha higher than only barley seeding of 140 kg/ha. Fresh and dry weight in barley seeding of 200 kg/ha and mixed winter pea were each 1.4, 0.7 ton/ha higher than barley seeding of 140 kg/ha and mixed winter pea. And crude protein in barley seeding of 200 kg/ha and mixed winter pea was from 0.3 to 0.8 %, and 140 kg/ha and mixed winter pea was from 1 to 1.6 %. The rates of fresh and dry weight to all yield in winter pea were each from 8 to 15, from 4 to 21 % in barley seeding of 200 kg/ha and mixed winter pea, and were from 9 to 20, from 5 to 26 % in barley seeding of 140 kg/ha and mixed winter pea.