As water resources are limited and legal regulations are strengthened, there is a growing need to reuse residuals in WTP(Water Treatment Plant). In this study, membrane filtration system was constructed and its operation method was studied for water quality stabilization and reuse of WTP residuals. The operation parameters were stable for 1 year and 6 months. Membrane fouling was identified as particulate pollution (activated carbon) and inorganic pollution (manganese). The membrane system was operated steadily with raw water of high concentration SS(Suspended solid) containing activated carbon because membrane fouling was reduced by the effect of End-Free type. In the case of inorganic contamination, dissolved manganese eluted by chemicals and acted as a membrane fouling source, and the operating conditions for minimizing membrane fouling were confirmed by newly developing application methods and types of cleaning chemicals. Based on the results, design parameters for reducing manganese membrane fouling were derived.

본 연구에서는 그래핀 함량에 따른 고분자 나노섬유의 물리적 특성 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 전기방사법으로 GO PAN 나노섬유 복합체 막을 제조하였으며, 접촉각⋅SEM⋅인장강도에 관한 실험을 진행하였다. GO+계면활성제를 이용 하여 나노섬유에 존재하는 GO의 함량을 증가시켰다. 제조한 나노섬유의 경우 기존의 나노섬유보다 강한 기계적 강도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 수처리 분리막의 연구 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구에서는 전기방사법을 이용해 다양한 고분자에 nanofiller인 clay를 복합시켜 나노섬유 복합막을 제조하였다. 나노섬유에 clay를 첨가함으로써 일반적인 나노섬유가 가지는 취약한 물리적 특성을 증가시키고 수처리 막으로의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 고분자의 친⋅소수성에 따라 발생하는 고분자와 clay간의 interaction을 고찰해보았다. 따라서 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 통해 clay를 활용한 나노섬유 복합막의 제조 및 나노섬유의 특성 보완 연구의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this paper, we compared the efficiencies of national R&D investments between NT (Nanotechnology) areas in terms of papers, patents, and commercializations, and found ways to improve the efficiencies of national R&D investments for each NT area. This is in response to huge R&D investments government has made recently in NT areas.Here, we collected data on investments, papers, patents, and commercializations for the R&D projects in NT areas through National Science & Technology Information Service. Based on the data, we analyzed the investment and performances (papers, patents, and commercializations) for each NT area, calculated the efficiency for each NT area, and compared the efficiencies between NT areas. Next, using cluster analysis, we identified several NT areas with similar characteristics in terms of paper efficiency, patent efficiency and commercialization efficiency. Finally, we derived implications for the efficiency enhancement for each grouping.The cluster analysis showed that there could be two groups, one being low in terms of technological outcome (papers and patents) efficiencies and high in terms of commercialization efficiencies, while the other being high in terms of technological outcome (papers and patents) efficiencies and low in terms of commercialization efficiencies. Therefore, the strategy for one group calls for support for technology transfer or technology introduction from other R&D performers and grant of guidance for improving R&D performers’ commercialization ability to other R&D performers while the strategy for the other group calls for R&D support for transfer of technology to other R&D performers, activation of technology transfer and support for commercialization of R&D performers.

본 연구에서는 clay를 고분자와 복합하여 전기방사법을 이용해 나노섬유 복합막을 제조하였다. 다양한 친·소수성 고분자에 균일하게 clay를 nanofiller로 첨가함으로서 일반적으로 나노섬유 자체가 보여주는 취약한 물리적 기계적 특성을 증가시켜 수처리 막으로의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다. 그리고 고분자와 clay간의 interaction이 제조된 복합막들의 특성에 어떤 영향을 나타내는지 고찰해보았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 nanofiller를 활용한 다양한 나노섬유 복합막의 제조 및 나노섬유의 물리적 특성을 보완 하는 연구의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 Hummer`s method를 개선하여 GO를 합성하였다. 전기방사법으로 GO + PAN 나노섬유 복합체 막을 제조하였으며, 표면특성· 인장강도· Flux 및 단백질 제거에 관한 실험을 진행하였다. 또한 GO+계면활성제, rGO로 PAN 나노섬유 복합체 막을 제작하였으며, 물리적 강도 측정 및 염 제거 실험에 활용하였다. GO나 rGO를 함유한 PAN 복합체 분리막의 경우 기계적 특성뿐만 아니라 단백질 및 염 제거에 효과적인 특성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 폐수 속의 유기물질 제거에 효과적인 분리막 연구 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Recently, nanotechnology has grown as one of the leading science technology along with other converging technologies such as biology, information, medicine etc., bringing the continuous investment of the government in nano-related field. However, it is difficult to measure and evaluate the performance of the national research and development programs because of the multidimensional character of the expected outcomes. This study aims to measuring efficiency of the national nanotechnology research and development programs using DEA model. The decision making units are nine nano-related ministries including the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The input variables are total expenditure, number of the programs and average expenditure per program. The output variables are science, technology and economic indicator, and the combination of these outputs are respectively measured as seven different DEA cases. The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future was the first efficient ministry in total technical efficiency. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were efficient in pure technical efficiency, when the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy took the first in the scale efficiency. The program efficiency was affected by organizational characteristics such as the institution’s scale, the concentration of the research paper or the patent, technology transfer or the commercialization. The result of this study could be utilized in development of the policy in the nanotechnology and the related field. Furthermore, it could be applied for the modification of expenditure management or the adjustment of the research and development programs’ input and output scale for each ministry.

본 연구는 잔류함으로써 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 응집제를 사용하지 않고 물리적인 처리만을 사용하는 막여과 정 수처리의 전처리로 F/A 공정을 구성하고자 하였고 이를 구성하는 여재의 성능을 연구하였다. 특히, 탁질 물질과 유기물 제거 가 가능한 것으로 알려진 Filtralite의 도입 가능성을 검토하였다. Filtralite의 탁도 제거효율은 원수대비 83~84%로 여과사와 비슷한 결과 값을 나타내었으며 여재표면에 잘 발달된 공극 때문에 유기물 제거능은 여과사보다 50% 더 높게 나타났다. 따 라서 F/A 공정을 구성함에 있어 여과사보다 Filtralite가 더 효율적이라 검토되었다. 활성탄과 연계한 F/A 공정을 구성하여 막 여과 처리 시스템의 전처리효율을 실험한 결과, TOC 농도는 TMP의 증가에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되어 막오염 저감에 유기물 제어가 중요함을 확인하였으며 유기물 제거 효율이 뛰어난 여재 사용이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

Nanotechnology has been growing constantly and it is becoming the leading technology in scientific research and development. Although nanotechnology has important applications in broad variety of fields without boundary of any particular industrial area, the study of nanotechnology related to its commercialization has been conducted in a few ways. To put that figure in context, this study investigates public and expert perceptions about negative potentials of nanotechnology. Through a series of surveys with public (N = 541) and experts (N = 62), we analyzed about public willingness to pay for nano-applied products. Survey results showed that public and experts preferred nano-applied products in the order of electronics, cosmetics, and food and medicine. Experts express high payment intention to electronics rather than public intention. In addition, the survey results showed the purchasing intention of both public and expert group was affected by the attributes of nano-applied products in the order of risk fatality, risk chance, certification, and labeling. But experts put more importance in risk fatality than risk chance comparing to public. Through the case analysis of the effects of labeling and certification, we revealed either labeling or certification can induce both public and experts to buy the nano-applied products with high risk chance and low risk fatality. However, for the nano-applied product with high risk fatality and low risk chance, both labeling and certification are simultaneously required to make customers have positive purchasing intention. The result of this study could be utilized for the nanotechnology-based company to get the consumer behavior information about nano-based product and to establish their marketing strategy.

The study aims at quantifying the effect of nano technology in the fields of economics and social aspects by using the methodology of system dynamics. A case study which using selenium oxide nanoparticles as additive agent in order to enhance fuel efficiency was selected as an example of nano technology in economic and societal benefits. Additionally, models for exhaust gas from combustion of fuel (diesel) and related issues are developed to evaluate real-time assessment of the effect of nano technology. It was found that the selenium oxide nanoparticles increase fuel efficiency, and it also affects on the amount of exhaust gas and the respiratory disease related issues. The results of this study which give quantitative value for the effect of nano technology can be used as objective references in development of national policy.

It is difficult to make an accurate estimate of the economic value and effects on societal economy of Nano-technologies. This research measures an economic value of Nano-technologies quantitatively and analyzes its influences on societal economy. This paper chooses some major industries as analysis targets and adapts the DEFRA comparative methodology model which has been developed in the UK and recommended by OECD. For this reason, some industries which are in range of economic value assessment were investigated and related data were collected. Also, the economic value and societal influences of Nano-technologies were calculated, through the procedure of the model. In addition, this study conducts a questionnaire to experts for the validity of measurement results and procedures. This paper suggests a guideline for economic value and effects on societal economy of Nano-technologies assessments through quantitative Defra comparative methodologies.

Various treatment system for residuals have applied to save water resources, but most of them were not be satisfied with legal standard consistently. In this study, submerged membrane treatment system was operated to treat water treatment plant residuals and operation parameters was evaluated. Result of this experiment, high concentration organic matters contributed to high increase Transmembrane pressure(TMP) of membrane system(from 0.05 bar to 0.35 bar). And backwash process was effective to stabilize membrane system operation. After Cleaning-In-Place(CIP), permeability was recovered about 100 % from first operation condition. Inorganic matters (Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, Mg) were not effective membrane filtration performance. The quality of residual treatment was satisfied with drinking water quality standard and a treated water from that system was suitable for water reuse.

가압식 MF공정의 전처리공정으로 침전지가 없는 혼화/응집공정에서 적정응집제 투입농도선정 및 유기물 제거성능을 평가하였다. 전처리 공정에서 생성된 플럭이 가압펌프의 임펠러에 의해 해체됨을 확인하였으며 원수탁도가 10 NTU 이하로 유입이 될 때, 혼화/응집조와 펌프후단에서 플럭형성을 위한 최적응집제 투입량은 4 mg/L (as PACl 17%)이었다. 이때의 DOC 제거율은 평균 43%이었으며, 응집제투입량을 계속적으로 증가시켜 8 mg/L (as PACl 17%)로 투입을 하였을 때, DOC 제거율은 평균 48%를 나타내어 제거율은 크게 개선되지 않았다. 전처리가 없는 PVDF 가압식 MF공정의 TMP는 0.54bar에서 운영이 되었으며, 혼화/응집 전처리 공정을 적용하여 운영 시 TMP는 0.41 bar로 안정적인 운영이 가능하였다.

현재 분리막 여과 공정은 정수처리에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만, 분리막의 효율적인 운영을 위하여 '혼화/응집(/침전)' 등의 전처리 시설 설치로 인한 부지면적 및 비용증가와 5~10%의 배출수 문제가 추가적으로 발생한다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 전처리 공정 없이 지표수(한강)에 대하여 가압식 PVDF 분리막[(주)에코니티]으로 운전하여 성능을 검토하였으며 그 결과 1년 동안 화학적 세정 없이 여과 flux가 1~2.4 m/d (at 25℃)로 운전되었고, 유입원수의 탁도와 상관없이 분리막 처리수의 탁도는 0.05 NTU 이하로 안정되게 유지되었다. 또한, 회수율 제고를 위하여 1개월 동안 가압식 배출수(역세수 + 배수)를 침지식 PE 분리막[(주)에코니티]으로 연계하여 2단 막여과 운영을 한 결과 전체 공정 회수율을 99.5%까지 증가시킬 수 있었다.

분자생물학의 발달로 최근에야 비로소 조금씩 비밀이 풀려가는 생체 주기성에 대하여 고대인들은 그 원인과 기전에 대해서는 알 수 없었지만, 경험적으로 그 존재에 대하여는 東西를 막론하고 이해하고 있었던 것으로 보인다. 또한 한의학에서는 十二經脈의 시간에 따른 유주 특성을 통해 인체 생리의 일주기 특성을 이해하였으며, 이에 따라 疾病의 치료와 양생에 적극적으로 응용하여 왔다. 본 논문에서는 한의학에서 十二經脈의 시간적 유주 특성과 현대 서양의학에서의 호르몬 분비 변화 주기가 생체시계, 즉 인체 생리의 일주기 특성이라는 동일한 면을 서로 다른 방향에서 바라보는 합리적인 방법인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 인체 생리 활동에 큰 영향을 끼치며, 일정한 분비 주기특성을 지니는 멜라토닌, 성장호르몬, 인슐린, 코티솔의 일주기 특성과 생리적 작용을 분석하고, 각 호르몬의 분비가 왕성한 시간대에 盛하게 流注하는 經脈의 특성과 비교하여, 十二經脈의 시간적 유주 특성이 생체시계를 이해하는 동양의학의 합리적인 방법인지를 확인하였다. 그 결과 고대인들은 원리적으로 설명할 수는 없었지만, 인체 내 생리시계의 존재를 경험적으로 잘 이해하고 있었으며, 이를 十二經脈의 시간적 유주 특성으로 표현하여 합리적으로 활용하였음을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, monitoring of food additives as an artificial sweetener on favorite foods of children,which are deal at retail store and stationery store around eliminatory school, was performed. We analyzed aspartame,potassium acesulfame, sodium saccharin, and cyclamate from candys, biscuits, chocolates and others. Total 604 items as targeted food were collected from the other country; 285 items of candys, 131 items of biscuits, 74 items of chocolates.,114 items of others. Targeted foods were classified by manufacture nation; 308 samples from domestic products,211 from China, 26 from Indonesia, and 59 items from other nations. Artificial sweeteners were detected from 75 cases of food stuff which were 38 native product, 25 China, 9 Indonesia, and 3 others. The percentage of detected artificial sweeteners was aspartame 7.8% (47 cases), potassium acesulfame 3.0% (18 cases), sodium saccharin 1.8%(11 cases), and cyclamate 2.6% (16 cases). The detected concentration were followed [average(minimum-maximum)mg/kg]; aspartame 817 (21-4,988), potassium acesulfame 192 (24-1,136), sodium saccharin 91 (5-326), and cyclamate 926 (8-4,680). Aspartame was detected mainly on Korea foods, and cyclamate and sodium saccharin were detected from Indonesia food, artificial sweeteners were detected Chinese food, broadly. As a result, 17 cases were violated against regulatory standard of cyclamate, and sodium saccharin. Considering average body weight (36.9 kg)and daily intake of biscuits (15.6 g) for elementary student, ratio of estimated daily intake and acceptable daily intake was 0.86% for aspartame, 0.54% for potassium acesulfame, 0.77% for sodium saccharin, and 3.56% for cyclamate.

This study was conducted to establish a method to analyze azodicarbonamide (ADA) in wheat flour. A new method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of ADA in wheat flour. The recovery rate was 91.93~97.54%. The limit of detection for ADA was 0.02 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/kg. The monitoring results for ADA contents using the established methods showed that it was detected as the low value of 0.95 mg/kg in one of 51 flour samples (detection rate : 2%), but not detected in 59 bakery samples. The detected ADA level was suitable to its usage standard, compared to the standard (45 mg/kg). Although the detection rate was very low, the established analytical method of ADA will contribute to the management of ADA in processed foods such as wheat flour and bakery.

Negative binomial yield model for semiconductor manufacturing consists of two parameters which are the average number of defects per die and the clustering parameter. Estimating the clustering parameter is quite complex because the parameter has not clear