In this study, sustainable utilization plans were proposed by reviewing the current status and problems of water infrastructure, focusing on water supply and sewage system in Chungcheongnam-do. Due to the regional characteristics of the rural areas in Chungcheongnam-do which has a very low urbanization rate, there is a difference in the level of water welfare services between local governments. Compared to other governments, there are relatively many small water facilities, resulting in a service imbalance in terms of tap water safety. In addition, Chungcheongnam-do has a structure that is very vulnerable to water security to cope with climate change and drought due to its high dependence on wide-area water supply. Therefore, it should be considered in consideration of population reduction and local extinction due to low birth rate and aging population. Rural areas should clearly establish marginal areas for the supply of water and sewage, and implement regional customized water and sewage projects in consideration of local extinction. Water supply projects should be implemented in a distributed water supply method using various water sources. In order to respond to climate change and establish water security, a distributed water supply system should be established through a multi-source water loop system using various water sources. Sewage projects should be establish public sewage treatment facilities in consideration of the priorities of each local government, focusing on local governments with low sewage treatment population rates. In consideration of regional characteristics, it is necessary to consider the installation of private sewage treatment facilities or nature-friendly treatment facilities such as soil infiltration and artificial wetlands. An integrated management system using Internet of Things(IOT) or Information and Communications Technology(ICT) should be established and operated to improve the operation and management efficiency of small-scale water supply and sewage facilities.

Riptortus pedestris (F.) inflict losses on a wide range of crop plants. Biological control is an alternative approach to reduce the bean bug population. Scelionid Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Encyrtid Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii are the major egg parasitoids of R. pedestris. The aggregation pheromone of R. pedestris serves as a kairomone to its egg parasitoids. A new tool was developed using aggregation pheromone in a trap which attracts both con-specific bugs and the parasitoids. Non viable host eggs were added with the trap so as to provide resource for the attracted parastioids to multiply. Several studies were conducted to develop this new tool for trapping of the bugs and enhancing parasitism simultaneously. Aggregation pheromone trap added with host eggs was found to increase temporal parasitism in field by 44% compared to the parasitism without host eggs. Higher parasitism (up to 91%) was found in the sites where aggregation pheromone trap added with host eggs was installed compared to control sites. In order to improve this tool, a new device with twelve sections to hold eggs and to be attached to the pheromone trap was designed to provide maximum exposure of the eggs to the parasitoids and to minimize the competition among the parasitoids. Parasitism and number of female R. pedestris trapped in new device attached trap were higher compared to the conventional. With better performance in trapping R. pedestris and enhancing parasitism, the tool would serve as an IPM technique that targets killing the pest and enhancing activity of the pest’s natural enemy simultaneously.

Laparoscopic appendectomy using three trocars has been widely performed. Recently, a single incision laparoscopic surgical procedure has become popular because it is less invasive. We report on our early experience in performance of single incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SIL-A). Data on the operating time, the duration to make the pneumoperitoneum, body mass index (BMI), rate of conversion to another operation, complication, hospital stay, dosage of analgesics, and pain score were collected prospectively at two centers. Twenty seven patients underwent SIL-A. The mean BMI was 23.3±3.1 kg/m2 (17.6-30.5). The mean time required to make a pneumoperitoneum was 9.9±5.0 minutes (5.0-28.0). The mean operating time was 37.6±26.7 minutes (10.0-100.0). The rate of intra-operative complication was 3.7% (1/27), and the rate of post-operative complication was 22.2% (6/27). The mean hospital stay was 4.1±1.2 days (2-6). The immediately postoperative pain score was 5.4±1.5 (3-8), however, the pain score at discharge was 0.4±0.7 (0-2). The mean dosage of analgesics was 1.5±1.3(0-4), however, none of the patients took analgesics after postoperative three days. SIL-A is feasible but requires improved instrumentation and experience.