A survey of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) was carried out in medicinal crop cultivated fields from July to August in 2023. Three-leaf ladybell, Adenophora triphylla var. japonica is a highly valued medicinal plant that is used to treat or prevent bronchitis, cough, cancer, and obesity in Korea. A. triphylla plants with small root-galls were observed in a field of Yeongju Agricultural Technology Center, which were identified as a root-knot nematode. Additional morphological and molecular analyses studies were performed and identified as Meloidogyne hapla, Northern root-knot nematode. Population densities of M. hapla ranged from 20~30 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. M. hapla was detected at lower densities in soil compared to other infected host crops, but there are concerns about damage to M. hapla since A. triphylla is cultivated for more than two years once planted. Our results indicate that A. triphylla roots damage by M. hapla were identifed, it is necessary to prepare control methods such as registration of applicable nematicides and crop rotation.

A taxonomic study of Korean Psammodiini is present. Seven species [Rakovicius coreanus (Kim), Leiopsammodius japonicus (Harold), Psammodius flavolittoralis Kim, Psammodius hangangensis Kim, Psammodius sungshinarum Kim, Rhyssemus inscitus (Walker), Trichiorhyssemus asperulus (Waterhouse)] belonging to five genera are recognized based on morphological characters. A pictorial key, habitus photographs and illustrations of the diagnostic characters of Korean Psammodiini species are provided to facilitate identification.

Phosphine is a common pesticide used to control grain pests in Rice Processing Complex(RPC). However, increasing use of aluminum phosphide caused the occurrence of phosphine resistance pests. In this study, phosphine resistance pests collected at RPC in 2023 was investigated with FAO No. 16 test, Dihydrolipomaide dehydrogenase(DLD) test and amino acid mutation analysis to identify the occurrence of phosphine resistance in Korea. Tested pests were collected in the 7 province 35 region. As a result of the FAO test of 21 regions, all sample were phosphine sensitives. In DLD test and amino acid analysis, 7 region samples were weak resistances. It is required to inspect the RPC and other grain storage continuously to inhibit the widespread of resistant pest.

In the genus Asobara Foester, 1863 (Braconidae: Alysiinae), two new species, Asobara rotundata sp. nov. is described and illustrated. In addition, the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were sequenced for the species. An identification key for the Asobara species officially recorded from Korea is provided.

The genus Eudarcia belong to the subfamily Meessiinae was established by Clemens (1860), based on type species Eudarcia simulatricella Clemens, 1860. The genus is comprising 82 species in the world, which are wide spread and diverse throughout the Palaearctic region. Among them, nine species of Eudarcia are distributed in East Asia. In Korea four species of the genus Eudarcia have been reported to date. In the past, the subfamily Meessiinae was treated within the family Tineidae. Regier (2015) revised the addition of two families (Meessiidae, Dryadaulidae) to the superfamily Tineoidea through molecular analysis. In this study we described Eudarcia sp. as a new species, with illustration of adults and male genitalia.

The family Asilidae(robber flies) is one of the representative predatory flies that hunts a variety of insects during the larval and adult stages. There are more than 7,500 known species distributed around the world, and 74 species in 30 genera are recorded in Korea. There are about 270 species of the genus Leptogaster recorded worldwide, and three species (L. augusta, L. basilaris, L. dorsopicta) are recorded in Korea. Through this study, three unrecorded species (L. abdominalis, L. furculata, L. spadix) were identified, and a total of six species were confirmed to be distributed in Korea. We would like to provide general information of the genus Leptogaster, a list of currently distributed species in Korea, photos, diagnostic traits, and so on.

Apolygus is one of speciose genus in subfamily Mirinae, including more than 80 species worldwide. Most of Apolygus species are phytophagous, and some species are regard as severe crop pest. For that, precise diagnosis and classification for this genus is crucial. In this work, we provide checklist of Korean Apolygus species with a new species and new distributional records. Diagnostic characters of the new species are discussed with the illustrations of adult male, female specimen and genitalic structures. A key to the Korean Apolygus is also presented.

The genus Daiconotrechus Ueno, 1971 is endemic genus of Japan with two subgenera, Daiconotrechus Ueno, 1971 and Tsuiblemus Ueno, 2007. Adults of all species in this genus are eyeless with depigmented and elongated body. These morphological features are typical characters of adaptation to subterranean environments. Distribution of all species of the subgenus Tsuiblemus is restricts to Tsushima Island, Japan. In this study, we report the genus Daiconotrechus for the first time in Korea, with a new species in the subgenus Tsuiblemus. Illustrations of morphological characters and habitus are also provided.

Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) is economically important pest in East Asia including Korea, Japan and China where they infest wooden structures in urban areas. In this study, we report the first record of R. speratus speratus from Korea, which was verified using soldier morphology and molecular characteristics obtained from a mitochondrial gene. R. speratus speratus Kolbe, 1885 (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) are found in several provinces, mainly southern regions in Korea, whereas R. speratus kyushuensis are distributed throughout the country. Our morphological comparison showed that R. speratus speratus can be distinguishable from R. speratus kyushuensis by the ratio of the posterior postmentum width to length. In the molecular comparison, R. speratus speratus revealed genetic differences of 3.06% (range 2.60–4.10%) from R. speratus kyushuensis using cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene sequences.

The insect industry in Korea is currently undergoing steady expansion. Among the various insects kept as pets or for educational purposes, four mantis species, including Hierodula patellifera (Audinet-Serville), Tenodera sinensis Saussure, Tenodera angustipennis Saussure, and Statilia maculata (Thunberg), are becoming increasingly popular, leading to higher demand. As we aimed to raise mantises, we collected oothecae, some of which were found to be parasitized by dermestid beetles. These parasitoids have been unequivocally identified as Thaumaglossa rufocapillata Redtenbacher based on morphological characters. A diagnosis, habitus photographs, and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided to facilitate identification. We also present the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of T. rufocapillata for providing fundamental data for research aimed at controlling pests in the insect industry.

The subfamilies Hypenodinae and Boletobiinae has various size with wingspan 5.5-28mm, belonging to the family Erebidae. They are mainly distributed the Palaearctic region, including temperate zone. Host plants of them are known as fungi and lichen etc. Some larvae live with lichen on their bodies. The subfamily belongs to subfamily is the Noctuoidea, containing more than 42,500 species. Accordingly, a unified high-level classification system could not be established due to the different opinions among the researchers and perspectives on the characteristics of each taxon. Recently, Zahiri et al. (2011, 2012) established the taxonomy of the family Erebidae, based on the molecular phylogenetic study. As we know, there has been a lot of confusion regarding the taxonomic positions of subfamily with allied taxa according to the complicated upper taxonomic system. Thus, this study is aimed to review and discuss the taxonomic history of the groups in this study.

The family Crambidae, so called as Grass moths, have been known as a difficult group in identification due to their similar wing patterns among the allied species. Some species are well known as pests to the agricultural and ornamental plants of economic importance. Therefore, this study was carried out to provide the DNA barcode and related information for distinguishing the complex species among Crambidae. In this study, we extracted and analyzed the DNA barcodes from 185 specimens of 76 species in the family Crambidae. Based on the result, one species of the genus Schoenobius, Pagyda, Neoanalthes, Palpita, Ecpyrrhorrhoe and Paratalanta area reported for the first time from Korea.

South Korea experienced a significant decline in honey bee populations starting in 2021, which continued for two years until the winter of 2022. To investigate the potential causes of this decline, we conducted a virome analysis, considering viruses as possible culprits. Samples were collected during two periods: April-May 2022 and May-June 2023. From libraries contsructed from their total RNA, we secured a total of 25 raw FASTQ files by high-throughput sequencing. In the honey bees collected in 2022, we identified eight previously unreported honey bee viruses including Lake Sinai viruses, one novel honey bee-related virus, and one novel plant-related virus. In the subsequent sampling in 2023, we found that most of the viruses identified in 2022 were still present. Additionally, the novel honey bee virus reported in 2022 was also found in the 2023 collections, along with three more honey bee-related novel viruses. Notably, numerous plant viruses were detected in honey bees collected during the flowering season. This analysis suggests that the viruses observed in South Korean honey bees are likely distributed nationwide. These findings provide fundamental data for future research on honey bee viruses in South Korea.

등에모기과(Ceratopogonidae)는 파리목(Diaptera)에 속하는 미소곤충이다. 이 중 사람과 반추류를 포함하는 척추동물을 흡혈하는 점등에모기속(Genus Culicoides)은 세계적으로 1,368종 이상이 보고되었으며 블루텅, 아프 리카 마역 등 60여개 이상의 질병을 매개하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재 국내에 서식하는 Culicoides는 37종이 보고되어있으며, 아카바네, 츄찬 등의 질병을 매개한 기록이 있다. 이에 기후변화에 따른 개체 발생양상과 분포 를 조사하고자 본 연구에서는 아열대화 및 해외유입을 고려하여 경상남도, 전라남도, 제주도 세 권역의 축사 15개 지역에서 5월부터 8월까지 유문등을 이용하여 채집하였다. 총 19종 103,365개체가 채집되었고 Culicoides arakaawae(83,922), Culicoides punctatus(11,184), Culicoides tainanus(3,298) 3종이 전체 채집량 중 95.2%를 차지하 였다. 각 샘플을 채집시기별, 종별, 지역별로 정리한 결과, 종다양성이 가장 높은 지역은 13종이 채집된 진주, 가장 낮은 곳은 3종이 채집된 제주5 지점이었다. 보관된 샘플은 유전자원 확보 및 바이러스보유검사 등의 추가실 험을 통해 국내 등에모기 연구를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Climate change and biological invasions are the greatest threats to biodiversity, agriculture, health and the global economy. Tomato leafminer(Tuta absoluta) (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important threats to agriculture worldwide. This pest is characterized by rapid reproduction, strong dispersal ability, and highly overlapping of generations. Plants are damaged by direct feeding on leaves, stems, buds, calyces, young ripe fruits and by the invasion of secondary pathogens which enter through the wounds made by the pest. Since it invaded Spain in 2006, it has spread to Europe, the Mediterranean region, and, in 2010, to some countries in Central Asia and Southeast Asia. In East Asia, Tomato leafminer was first detected in China in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in 2017. There is a possibility that this pest will invade South Korea as well. This study provides this by the use of MaxEnt algorithm for modelling the potential geographical distribution of Tomato Leafminer in South Korea Using presence-only data.

Anoplophora horsfieldii (Hope, 1843), 국명 노랑알락하늘소(가칭)는 아열대 지역에 주로 분포하는 종으로 2019 년에 제주도 용연계곡에서 처음 발견되었으며, 2023년에 국내 정착이 보고되었다. 국내에서는 팽나무에서 발생 하는 것으로 알려졌으나, 섭식방식, 산란 선호성 등 생태적 특성에 대해서는 국내외 연구가 전무하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 노랑알락하늘소의 기초적인 생태정보를 제공하고자 실내 산란 선호성 조사 및 야외조사를 진행 했다. 산란 선호성 실험은 기주식물로 알려진 팽나무, 멀구슬나무와 제주도내 대표 수종인 동백나무, 종가시나무 을 대상으로 했다. 이 중 팽나무에서만 산란이 확인었으며, 상대적으로 굵은 팽나무에서 더 많은 산란이 확인되었 다. 야외조사에서는 최대 발생지인 용연계곡을 기준으로 반경 3 km 내에서 노랑알락하늘소의 탈출공이 확인된 32 그루의 팽나무를 대상으로 피해를 조사하였다. 나무의 굵기는 흉고직경이 20-40 cm인 팽나무에서 탈출공이 많이 확인되었고, 높이는 지면으로 부터 0-100 cm 구간에서 가장 많은 탈출공이 발견되었다.

Culex pipiens complex는 West Nile virus의 주요 매개체이며, 대한민국에는 Cx. pipiens pallens와 Cx. pipiens f. molestus가 서식한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 현재까지 대한민국에서 진행된 Culex pipiens complex의 살충제 관련 실험은 종 수준 이하의 단계에서 비교가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대한민국의 13개 지역에 서 Culex pipiens complex를 채집하였고, 분자 마커를 이용해 종 수준 이하 단계까지 분류를 진행한 뒤 각 분류군의 Acetylcholinesterase-1(Ace-1)와 Voltage-gated sodium channel(Vgsc) 유전자에 대한 저항성 돌연변이 존재 유무를 확인하였다. Ace-1 영역 확인 결과, Cx. pipiens f. molestus에서는 저항성이 확인되지 않았으며, 목포에서 채집된 Cx. pipiens pallens 1개체에서 저항성 개체가 발견되었다. Vgsc 영역에서는 저항성 유전형질을 보유한 개체가 Cx. pipiens pallens와 Cx. pipiens f. molestus에서 모두 발견되었으며, 다양한 지역에서 서로 다른 비율로 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 조사 결과는 향후 대한민국에 서식하는 Culex pipiens complex의 효율적인 방제를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Bombyx mandarina (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), the presumed ancestor of B. mori, has long been a subject of study to illustrate the geographic relationships in connection with origin of B. mori. We report 97 mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences of B. mandarina collected from Korea and Japan. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses showed that all individuals of B. mandarina collected in Korean localities formed a strong group together with all individuals originated from northern China (mainly north of the Qinling-Huaihe line) and some of southern China. This group was placed as the sister group to B. mori strians suggesting that this group had been served as an immediate progenitor for B. mori.

Cryptotympana atrata belongs to the family Cicadidae, has long been recognized as a damaging plant-sucking pest, and is distributed in East Asian countries. In addition, their cries cause direct harm to us through noise pollution and also reported twig damage in the forest environments. In this study, we isolated strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium that occurred from C. atrata collected this year. Here, we provide the morphological character and molecular phylogenetic relationship of this species. This is the first record of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium viridulum isolated from C. atrata in Korea and provides a candidate strain with potential use for biological agents.

Discheramocephalus Johnson was first described from the Solomon Islands as monotypic genus. According to recent studies, this genus comprised 19 species from Afrotropical, Australasian, Indomalayan, and Neotropical realms. These ranges of distribution suggest that Discheramocephalus is pantropical genus. In this study, we describe a Discheramocephalus species from Korea and report a species new to the Palearctic realm. Illustrations of habitus, genital characters and collection localities, a distributional map, and a checklist of the genus Discheramocephalus are also provided.