모형 그물에 대한 어군행동의 수치모델링에 관한 연구의 일환으로서 어군행동의 모델링을 위하여 어군행동을 나타내는 운동방정식을 구성하는 각종 힘들의 parameter를 추정하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 모형 그물을 설치하지 않은 상태에서의 유속 변화에 따른 무지개송어의 유영행동을 화성처리하여 각 개체 위치좌표로부터 계산된 유영속도, 유영깊이, 수조의 변과 개체 사이의 거리, 개체상호간의 최근접거리, 어구의 3차원적 구조 등의 유역특성을 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유영궤적으로부터 무지개송어의 유영행동을 살펴보면, 정수상태에서는 수종 중앙부에서 유영하는 빈도가 높았으며, 수조 벽면으로부터 상당히 떨어져서 유회운동을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 정수상태에서의 평균 유영속도는 21.6~23.6cm/sec(2.5~2.9BL cm/sec)로서 개체수가 많을수록 체장당 유영속도가 빠른 것으로 나타났으며, 유속의 변화에 따른 어군의 평균유영속도는 유속이 증가할수록 유영속도도 증가하여 유속이 25cm/sec인 경우에는 유영속도가 30.6 cm/secd(3.8BLcm/sec)에 달하였다. 어군의 평균 유영깊이는 17~38cm로서 주로 중층의 깊이에서 유영하였으며, 유속이 빨라질수록 유영 깊이가 깊어지고 유영 깊이의 변화가 적어졌다. 수조의 벽과 개체 사이의 평균 거리는 17.6~21.4cm였으며, 유속이 빨라질수록 수조의 벽과 개체사이의 거리가 다소 멀어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 개체상호간의 최근거리는 개체수가 많을수록 가까워지며, 유속의 변화에 따른 개체상호간의 최근접거리 평균치는 3.0~5.9cm(0.4~0.7BL cm)로 나타났다. 어군의 3차원적 구조는 군을 형성하는 개체수가 증가함에 따라 군의 형상이 길이, 폭 및 깊이의 모든 방향으로 넓어지며, 유속이 빨라질수록 길이방향과 폭 방향의 크기가 깊이 방향에 비해 상대적으로 커져 각 방향의 평균 상태비는 2.8 : 2.7 : 1이었다

Cryopreservation is an effective method for the long-term storage of fish sperm. However, because of a lack of methods for cryopreserving fish eggs and embryos, a technical challenge remains in preserving maternally inherited cytoplasmic compartments. Here, we aimed to generate functional eggs and sperm in sterile rainbow trout hatchlings by transplanting cryopreserved ovarian germ cells into the peritoneal cavity. Immature ovaries were isolated from 9-month-old transgenic rainbow trout, whose ovarian germ cells expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP), and cryopreservation was optimized by testing several different cryoprotective agents. Dominant orange-colored, pvasa-Gfp transgenic rainbow trout females served as donors, and wild-type triploid rainbow trout served as germ cell recipients. Viability and transplantation efficiencies of frozen ovarian germ cells were stable for up to 1,185 days. Ovarian germ cells frozen for 8months efficiently differentiated into eggs and sperm in the ovaries and testes of recipient fish. Inseminating the resultant eggs and sperm generated viable offspring displaying the donor phenotypes (orange body color, green fluorescence, XX ovaries, and matching karyotype). This study represents the first success in generating functional gametes from cryopreserved female germ cells in any fish species, which should facilitate the conservation of protogynous fishes, female heterogametic fish, and currently endangered fish.

As in the O. mykiss electrophoretic profiles of RNA, the signals of each RNA sample from 9 individual tissues such as liver, muscle, brain, heart, pituitary gland, kidney, intestine, spleen and gill similar to positive control were obtained. The tissue distributions of the complimentary DNA (cDNA) of O. mykiss four genes were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR with primer sets for tissue expression analysis. In this rainbow trout species, author obtained bands of various sizes, ranged from 700 bp to 1,400 bp. A dissociation curve was made at the end of each run to make sure that there was no non-specific amplification. Supplementarily, the Ct of each DNA was compared. The Ct values of vinculin with rainbow trout tissues were determined in a manner similar to those for agouti-related protein (AgRP) and melanocortin receptors (MC4R I and MC4R II). Further, obtained Cts for standard curve of each DNA were affected by specific product (vinculin, AgRP and MC4R II genes). After several experiments with four individual genes of rainbow trout, author estimated a variation ratio of the mean Ct value of the DNA extracted using the comparative CTt method was 37.27, and the standard deviation was 5.33. The correlation coefficient between the Ct values and the concentration of cDNA was -0.98, -0.99, -0.91 and -0.86, respectively (vinculin, AgRP, MC4R I and MC4R II genes). Since this correlation showed high linearity, the straight line obtained was used as a standard for the O. mykiss tissues reared in aquarium. A PCR efficiency of 100% is ideally achieved when the slopes are close to the theoretical value of -3.31. According to quantification method, the results of quantification are strongly affected by the DNA fragmentation. The size of most DNA fragments obtained from various tissues of rainbow trout used in the experiment was approximately 100 bp. According to the four slopes, an efficiency of nearly 100% was estimated for four genes detection methods. Additionally, further analysis with more individuals and primers will be required to fully establish optimization in rainbow trout.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptide hormones that regulate embryonic development, postnatal growth and cellular differentiation in vertebrates IGFs are initially translated as pre-pro-peptides and then proteolytically processed to yield the mature IGFs and E-peptides. Like the C-peptide of pro-insulin, the E-peptides of pro-IGFs are generally believed to possess little or no biological activity other than their potential roles in the biosynthesis of the mature IGFs. Like human IGF-1, previous studies in our laboratory showed that the recombinant trout Ea4-peptide of pro-IGF-1 exhibited a dose-dependent mitegenic activity in cultured BALB/3T3 fibroblasts and other non-oncogenic transformed cells (Tian et al., 1999) We have also shown by in vitro and in vivo studies that Ea4-peptide possessed novel anti-tumor activities (Chen et al., 2002, Kuo and Chen, 2002; Kuo and Chen 2003). Recent results of studies conducted in chorionicallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos revealed that Ea4-peptide of trout pro-IGF-1 also possesses a dose-dependent antiangiogenic activity. Together these results raised the question whether Ea4-peptide of trout pro-IGF-1 may affect heart and blood vessel development and hematopoiesis in fish embryos. (중략)

본 연구는 미성숙 혹은 성숙된 3년생 무지개 송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 수컷 150마리의 뇌하수체와 정자형성세포의 형태적인 변화를 조사하기 위해서 실시되었다. 3월부터 그 이듬해 2월까지 번식주기에 따라 광학현미경, 투과 및 주사전자현미경으로 정자 형성과 정자완성시기의 미세구조적 변화를 연구하였다. 뇌하수체 호르몬 분비세포의 성숙은 휴지기 (3월부터 8월까지), 정자형성기 (9월부터 11월가지), 번식기 (12월부터 2월까지)의 3가지