The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is an economically important pest, which harms various kinds of important agricultural crops, such as tomato. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ionizing radiations (electron beam, X-ray, gamma-ray) on the development and reproduction of H. armigera and to determine the optimal dose of three ionizing radiations for the construction of quarantine technology applicable to tomato export.

To celebrate the tenth anniversary since the launch of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, we take a retrospect to a series of breakthroughs Fermi has contributed to pulsar astronomy in the last decade. Apart from significantly enlarging the population of ɤ−ray pulsars, observations with the Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi also show the population is not homogeneous. Instead, many classes and sub-classes have been revealed. In this paper, we will review the properties of different types of ɤ−ray pulsars, including radio-quiet ɤ−ray pulsars, millisecond pulsars, ɤ−ray binaries. Also, we will discuss the prospects of pulsar astronomy in the high energy regime.

Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pests, including the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, are economically important in agriculture. With the annual growth of the domestic fresh fruit export market, various quarantine treatment methods are being used to export strawberries of better quality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gamma rays on the development and reproductive sterility of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. In both species, the eggs were completely inhibited from hatching at 50 Gy, and the emergence of 3rd instar nymphs was completely suppressed at 150 Gy. Some adult B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum spawning occurred at 100 Gy and 70 Gy, respectively; however, at these irradiation levels, F1 hatchability was completely inhibited. Dosimetry results showed that the penetrating power of gamma ray in the strawberry-filled box was the lowest at the mid-box position. Therefore, B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum were placed in the middle of the strawberry-filled box and irradiated. A gamma-ray irradiation of 100 Gy suppressed the development and reproduction of eggs and adults in both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. However, the development of 3rd instar nymphs was inhibited at 300 Gy for B. tabaci and 200 Gy for T. vaporariorum. Our data suggest that at least 300 Gy should be used for the control of these two types of whitefly for strawberry export.

A signicant number of the parameters of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) and its host galaxy are calculated from the afterglow. There are various methods obtaining extinction values for the necessary correction for galactic foreground. These are: galaxy counts, from HI 21 cm surveys, from spectroscopic measurements and colors of nearby Galactic stars, or using extinction maps calculated from infrared surveys towards the GRB. We demonstrate that AKARI Far-Infrared Surveyor sky surface brightness maps are useful uncovering the ne structure of the galactic foreground of GRBs. Galactic cirrus structures of a number of GRBs are calculated with a 2 arcminute resolution, and the results are compared to that of other methods.

감마분광분석 시스템 상에서는 226Ra(186.2 keV)과 235U(185.7 keV)가 방출하는 감마선 에너지의 피크 중첩이 발생한다. 226Ra의 직접분석을 위해서는 중첩된 피크로부터 235U의 기여를 제거해주거나 보정상수를 이용하여 실제 226Ra의 방사능 값 으로 보정 해주어야 한다. 235U가 방출하는 다른 감마선 피크를 참조하여 235U의 기여를 제거할 경우 복잡한 수계산이 필요하며, 참조피크에서 기인하는 큰 불확도로 인해 높은 정량한계를 갖는다. 반면에 보정상수를 이용하여 226Ra을 평가할 경우 간단한 계산으로 평가가 가능하며, 간접측정시 요구되는 222Rn의 용기건전성과 방사평형 복구기간이 필요하지 않아 226Ra의 신속 측정시 유용한 방법이다. 따라서 해당 방법을 통해 원료물질 3종과 공정부산물 3종, 총 93여개 시료에 대해서 보정상수로 산출된 226Ra의 방사능 농도와 방사평형 된 214Bi의 방사능 농도의 비교를 통해 유효성을 확인하였다. 대부분 ± 20% 내에서 유효하였지만 인산석고의 경우 약 50%의 오차를 보였다. 이는 보정상수를 유도하기 위한 가정 중 238U과 226Ra의 방사평형 관계가 달라진 것으로 판단된다. 특이성을 반영한 보정상수를 적용하여 226Ra의 방사능 농도에 대한 유효성을 평가한 결 과 약 ±10%로 좀 더 정밀한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 산출된 보정상수를 통한 226Ra의 방사능 농도 평가 방법은 복잡한 수계산이 필요하지 않고 용기선택으로부터 자유로우며 방사평형 복구를 위한 기간이 필요하지 않아 원료물질 및 공정부산물의 226Ra의 신속한 농도 분포 평가시 유효한 방법이다.

Crosslinked ion exchange resin composite membranes were prepared by casting sulfonated polystyrene(SPS) solution with suspended ion exchange resin(crosslinked SPS) and crosslinker (trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPETA)) follow by gamma-ray irradiation. The physicochemical properties of the composite membranes were evaluated by measuring gel-fraction, ion exchange capacity, water-uptake and dimensional stability. We confirmed that the introduction of ion exchange resin and radiation crosslinking in the membranes improved the water uptake, dimensional stability and permselectivity.