건전 유묘 육성을 도모하고 효과적인 상토의 수분 공급을 위해 계면활성제의 농도별로 단독 및 복합처리된 상토를 밑면의 직경이 5.8㎝, 윗면 7.5㎝, 높이 6.5㎝인 용기에 상토를 충진하고 용기 밑면에 3.8㎜의 구멍을 내어 각 처리간에 물의 흡수시간, 보유수분함량 시간 및 용탈량을 측정하였다. 또한 공시종으로 일품벼와 추청벼를 최아시킨 균일한 벼 종자를 각 처리별 상토에 정식하여 어린묘 소질을 측정하였다. 관수 후 정식한 상태의 초장은 추청벼가 일품벼보다 컷으며, 그 중에서 바로커 원예상토가 제일 좋았으며, 부농경량, 부농 수도용상토, 대조구(일반 논토양)순으로 낮았다. 반면 근장은 두 품종 모두 대조구에서 우수했고 바로커, 부농경량, 부농 수도용 순으로 낮았으며 지상부 건물중은 두 품종 모두 부농 경량이 제일 높았으나 그 이외 처리구는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 지하부는 바로커, 부농상토 순으로 높았다. 상토별 계면활성제 농도별 처리결과 수분 흡수 경과시간은 각 처리구 모두 일반 대조구와 부농 수도용상토는 처리간에 큰 차이 없이 3~5분 사이에 흡수가 되었으나 경량 및 바로커는 무처리와 100ppm에서 500분 이상이 소요되었으나 300 및 500ppm에서 각각 370분과 470분으로 나타났는데, 특히 경량 상토의 300ppm 처리가 효과적이었다.

On the basis of theory of Bratsch's electronegativity equalization, the electronegativity equalization, the group electronegativities and the group partial charges for cationic and amphoteric surfactants could be calculated using Pauling's electronegativity parameters. From calculated output, we have investigated relationships between CMC(critical micelle concentration) and partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, structural stability of micelle for cationic and amphoteric surfactants. As a result, CMC depends upon partial charge and electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for surfactants. In case of cationic surfactant, as the increment of carbon number in hydrophilic group, partial charge of hydrophilic group is increased, but CMC and electronegativity of hydrophilic group is decreased. With increasing the carbon number of hydrophilic group for cationic surfactant, its partial charge is increased, but CMC and its electronegativity are decreased. With increasing the carbon number of hydrophobic group for cationic and amphoteric surfactant, its partial charge is increased, but CMC and its electronegativity are decreased

On the basis of the principle of Bratch`s electronegativity equalization, we calculated group partial charges and group electronegativities for nonionic surfactants with Pauling`s electronegativity parameters by using numerical calculation method. From calculated output, we have investigated structural stability of micelle, characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, and relation between CMC(Critical Micelle Concentraion) and group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for nonionic surfactants. We have known that CMC by micelle formation depends upon group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for surfactants. Also, the structural stability of micelle in H_2O solution is related to the electric double layer by the hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants with H atoms in water. CMC is diminished by the decrease of repeating units in hydrophilic group at constant hydrophobic group and is diminished by the increments of alkyl chains in hydrophobic group at constant hydrophilic group for nonionic surfactants. In conclusion, CMC is diminished because there is no electrostatic repulsion and is diminished of Debye length by the increments of partial charge of hydrophobic group.