Seowon(書院) is a representing institution in Choseon Dynasty not only educationally but also politically and economically. Due to the artificial crackdown by Daewon-gun in 1871 and destruction by wars, it is difficult to restore and interpret the Seowon accurately at present. It is well known that the 'Basic Form' of the Seowon consists of an inner court, enclosed by the rear gangdang (lecture hall), dongseo-jae (east and west dormitory), and the front munlu (gate pavilion or upper story bower for relaxation), represented by so called 'front-dormitory rear-lecture-hall type', that is, 'jeonjae hudang(前齋後堂) type'. However, it is overlooked that this Basic Form is a product of Youngnam School located only in Youngnam area. A different form, of 'front-lecture-hall rear-dormitory type', or 'jeonndang hujae(前堂後 齋) type' is located only in Gyeonggi, Hoseo and Honam area. It has been wrongly analyzed that the type is a result of the later period, emphasizing the memorial service rather than the lecture itself, and worshipping loyalists than Confucian scholars. Analysis encompassing each Seowon architecture has been mistakenly made by historians as "deterioration" of the original educational purpose of the Seowon from the early period to the later period. This paper raises the fact that the form of jeondang hujae type has been established since the early period of Seowon in the 16th Century. It has a unique order of space itself. Here, the lecture hall faces toward sadang (shrine). The inner court, enclosed by east and west jae and the lecture hall, becomes the outer yard of the shrine, and as a result two main spaces of the shrine and lecture area is merged into one. While the munlu of the basic type encloses the inner court of the main area, the munlu of jeondang hujae type is located at the vicinity area. This paper reinterprets the jeondang hujae type not as a form coming out of degenerated period but as a type that belongs to a different Confucian school, the area of Kiho, and concludes that the Seowon is a product of political struggles between the two schools and of the local economical situation. Each school has maintained his own type of form, therefore the remaining Kiho Seowon architecture can be reevaluated.

본고는 19세기 후반 이후 영남 우도지역에서 일정한 영향력을 발휘한 蘆沙學 派 문인들의 학문적 연원이 되는 蘆沙 奇正鎭(1798∼1879)의 학문 활동을 韓 末 畿湖學界의 동향과 관련하여 고찰한 것이다. 門戶 分立에 따른 학파 분화, 그리고 이에 따른 다양한 학문적 입장의 대두 속에서 기정진의 主理的 학문 경 향이 가지는 위상을 검토하였으며, 특히 20세기 초반 기호학계의 논란이 되었 던 理 중심의 이기론과 호락논쟁에 대한 입장을 살펴보았다. 기정진은 호남을 중심으로 꾸준히 강학활동을 펼치면서 그 학문적 영향력을 확대하였을 뿐만 아니라 기호학계의 학문 연원이 되는 栗谷 성리설에 대한 비 판적 입장을 제시하며 자신의 학설을 구체화하였다. 그리고 당시 기호학계의 최대 논란 대상이었던 호락논쟁에 대해 인성물성동이를 중심으로 비판적 지양 의 입장을 취하였다. 리를 중심으로 한 그의 성리설은 실천적 위정척사로 현실 화되었으며, 이러한 그의 학문관은 그의 문인에게 계승되어 호남과 영남 우도 지역에서 적지 않은 영향력을 발휘하였다. 본고는 이러한 그의 학문 활동을 영 남 우도의 학계 지형에 유의하여 전반적으로 검토한 것이다.