This paper develops a two-echelon supply chain model with variable setup cost and environmental impact. A single-setup-multi-delivery (SSMD) policy is adopted to increase the efficiency of transportation in the supply chain in which it is assumed that the shipment lot size of each delivery is unequal and variable. Each delivered item goes through inspection process at the buyer’s end. After inspection, defective products are returned to the vendor for reworking process. Due to inspection process, end customers receives perfect quality items. Due to more transportations by SSMD policy, this model assumes carbon emission cost to help the world environment. An investment function is used to reduce total setup cost for the whole supply chain. Stackelberg leadership approach is utilized in this model to optimize the joint total cost of vendor and buyer. Finally, some numerical examples, sensitivity analysis, and graphical representations are given to illustrate more savings from existing literature.

Rearing community youth has been main factors of sustainable agriculture and rural community. The purposes of this study were to analyze the leadership skill and organizational commitment of community youth and to investigate the relationship between leadership skill and organizational commitment. The data were collected from 196 rural youth by stratified random sampling. The study was adopted t-test, ANOVA factor analysis and correlation analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, community youth married, wealthier, and expanded farming area were more likely to have leadership life skills than others. Second, community youth wealthier and expanded farming area were more likely to have organizational commitment than others. Third, group activity, being leader, teaming skill, communication self understanding, decision making, language skill among leadership skills have positively correlated with organizational commitment.

The purpose of this study was to establish coach`s role and develop the coach`s leadership scale based on the competing values concept of whole and dynamic leader` s role. Quinn` s Competing Values Instrument (Extended Version) which is composed of 32 items was translated and extended to 64 items in order to represent sport situation. Data were collected for 194 coaches and 210 athletes from 8 sport events. In order to extract the factors with coach` s role, factor analysis was performed based on 64 items. From the analysis, six factors of coach` s role are creator, broker, goal setting and director, coordinator, monitor, and support and mentor` s role. 23 items validity were performed by item-to-total correlation and Cronbach`s alpha was computed to verify the reliability. Coach` s competing values leadership scale composed of 6 role factors and 23 items was developed and criteria for constructing coach` s leadership profile.