To develop a functional probiotic that inhibits gingipain, a major virulence factor of Porphyromonas gingivlais (P. gingivalis), we screened over 30 probiotic strains for their ability to inhibit gingipian activity. We investigated the inhibition of expression of gingipain genes kgp, rgpA, and rgpB as well as gingipain activity, using freeze dried cell-free supernatants of Weisiella cibaria SPM402 (WC402) and Lactobacillus paracasei SMP412 (LP412), both of which demonstrated antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Thus, it was verified that kgp expression was reduced by approximately 0.71±0.02 folds and rgpB expression was reduced by approximately 0.71±0.14 folds at a concentration of WC402 10 mg/mL. Meanwhile, at the same concentration of 10 mg/mL of LP412, kgp expression was reduced by approximately 0.19±0.08 folds, rgpA expression was reduced by approximately 0.09±0.02 folds, and rgpB expression was reduced by approximately 0.24±0.03 folds. At a concentration of 10 mg/mL, Kgp activity was inhibited by approximately 78.65±3.58% (cell associated gingipain, CAG), 82.45±1.22% (cell-free gingipain, CFG) by WC402 and 80.71±2.11% (CAG), and 85.81±0.05% (CFG) by LP412 respectively. Rgp activity was also effectively inhibited by approximately 78.6±1.01% (CAG), 86.78±0.47% (CFG) and 82.93±1.26% (CAG), 88.81±0.36% (CFG) by WC402 and LP412 respectively. Based on these results, W. cibaria SPM402 and L. paracasei SPM412 can be regarded as functional probiotics with the ability to inhibit gingipain activity and exhibit antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis.

본 연구의 목적은 아유르베다와 한의학의 병인에 대한 연구로서, 두 이론의 사상적 배경과 몸, 병 의 원인에 대해 살펴보고, 어떤 상관성이 있는지 비교해 보는 것이다. 아유르베다는 상키야 철학을 근본으로 생리학적인 측면에서 본 몸은 쁘라나(prāpṇa)와 나디(nānḑi), 차크라(cakra), 말라(Mala)로 이 루어지며, 증상 이면에 감추어진 질병의 원인을 찾는다. 아유르베다에서는 바따․삣따․까파 등 세 도샤 의 불균형을 모든 질병의 직접적인 원인으로 보고, 계절의 변화 등의 외적요인이나 잘못된 감정과 같은 내적요인 또한 이런 불균형을 일으키는 것으로 본다. 한의학은 중국의 음양 오행론을 근본으로 몸은 오장(五臟), 육부(六腑)와 정신기혈(精神氣血) 및 경락(經絡)으로 이루어졌다고 본다. 병의 원인은 정상상태에서 신체 내의 음양과 기혈. 경락과 장부 등이 서로 의존 하고 제약하는 상대적 평형상태 를 유지하는데, 이러한 평형상태가 무너지면 한 동안 자기조절 작용이 약화되어 질병이 발생하는 것 으로 본다. 아유르베다와 한의학의 몸과 병인에 대한 공통적 관점은 자연 중심적 인식론을 바탕으로 인간은 자연현상과 환경에 순응하고 조화롭게 살아가는 존재로 본다. 또한 아유르베다와 한의학의 인간관이 인간중심적, 인본주의적인 면이 궤를 같이한다. 아유르베다와 한의학의 병인에 대한 연구는 시대적 요구로서 본 연구에서의 두 이론의 연관성과 차이점은 인간의 다차원적 의식을 다루는 상담 현장에서 건강과 관련된 다양한 문제를 가진 내담자에 대한 새로운 견해와 열린 사고를 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

Exostosis is a phenomenon of exophytic growth of compact bone, and the oral exostosis, so called a torus is usually found in the lingual or labial areas of mandible and maxilla, and the hard palatal area. It is not a pathological nor tumoral formation but a localized bony protuberance relevant to developmental and environmental origins. However, the pathogenesis of exostosis has not been clearly elucidated so far. In the present study total 51 cases of oral exostosis were examined by radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical methods to observe the osteogenetic potential existed in the sclerosed bony tissue of exostosis. Particularly, the unilateral mandibular exostoses occurred in the vicinity of mandibular primary growth centers which were more prominent than the contralateral ones in the radiological observation. Histologically the peripheral area of exostosis was composed of lamellated bone and covered with periosteal tissue which showed sparse osteoblastic activity, while the central area of exostosis was composed of thickened and anastomosed trabecular bones with small amount of marrow connective tissue. The latter stained blue in Masson trichrome method, while the former stained red. The immunohistochemical reactions of BMP-2, bFGF, CMG2, and TGF-β1 were clearly positive in the central trabecular bones, while almost negative in the peripheral cortical bones of exostosis. These findings may indicate that the central area of exostosis is less mineralized than the peripheral area of exostosis, and the former expresses different osteogenetic proteins to produce bony tissue contrary to the latter. Therefore, it is suggested that the strong osteogenetic potential in the central area of exostosis be relevant to the growth potential of mandibular and maxillary primary growth centers and play an important role for the latent expansile growth of exostosis in adult life.

This study aimed to identify the respiratory viral etiology and clinical features in febrile neonates and young infants younger than 3 months of age. From June 2015 to March 2016, 126 patients who admitted to the pediatrics department of Kwangju Christian Hospital due to febrile illness (body temperature ≥ 38.0℃) without definite focus of fever. We tested nasopharyngeal aspiration specimens with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Respiratory viruses identified in 66 patients, and not identified in 60 patients. Among identified viruses, the most common pathogen was rhinovirus. Respiratory virus identified patients showed significantly higher presence of sibling (p=0.015), sibling who attending day care center (p=0.022), respiratory symptoms of family members (p=0.022), concomitant respiratory symptoms of the patient (p=0.001).