Ni–Cr–Al metal-foam-supported catalysts for steam methane reforming (SMR) are manufactured by applying a catalytic Ni/Al2O3 sol–gel coating to powder alloyed metallic foam. The structure, microstructure, mechanical stability, and hydrogen yield efficiency of the obtained catalysts are evaluated. The structural and microstructural characteristics show that the catalyst is well coated on the open-pore Ni–Cr–Al foam without cracks or spallation. The measured compressive yield strengths are 2–3 MPa at room temperature and 1.5–2.2 MPa at 750oC regardless of sample size. The specimens exhibit a weight loss of up to 9–10% at elevated temperature owing to the spallation of the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. However, the metal-foam-supported catalyst appears to have higher mechanical stability than ceramic pellet catalysts. In SMR simulations tests, a methane conversion ratio of up to 96% is obtained with a high hydrogen yield efficiency of 82%.

The chemical kinetics of steam reforming of polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) pyrolysis oil were studied using a ruthenium-based catalyst. The experiments were performed in a tubular flow reactor at temperatures of 530-680°C, Weight Hourly Space Velocities (WHSVs) of 0.453-7.916 h−1, and different steam and pyrolysis oil gas-phase concentrations. The activation energy of steam reforming of polypropylene oil and polystyrene oil is 136 and 142 kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction orders of polypropylene and polystyrene oils were 0.42 and 0.37, respectively. Conversions of polypropylene and polystyrene oils were 2.0-50.3 and 1.9-45.3%, respectively. Indeed, a Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) mechanism requiring the dissociative adsorption of pyrolysis oil and steam at two different sites on plastics appeared to be the most plausible pathway for the steam reforming reaction.

The chemical kinetics of the steam reforming of the pyrolysis oil of polypropylene (PP) over a ruthenium-based catalyst has been examined as a function of pyrolysis oil and steam partial pressures at various temperatures. The activation energy of steam reforming over Ru/Al2O3 catalyst is 136 kJ/mol, and the reaction orders of pyrolysis oil and steam are 0.42 and 0.24, respectively. Fitting the experimental data to the Langmuir?Hinshelwood expression shows that the steamreforming reaction probably proceeds via the dissociative adsorption of pyrolysis oil and steam on two different sites.

바이오매스 가스화 반응으로부터 생성되는 타르는 가스화 효율을 낮추고 배관폐쇄에 의한 가스화 시스템의 연속운전에 대한 저해 요소로 작용한다. 효율적으로 합성가스 내 타르를 제거하기 위한 방안으로, 촉매를 활용한 수증기 개질 반응이 주목되고 있다. 특히, 수증기 개질 반응을 거친 타르는 합성가스 내 CO와 H2로 분리되어 더 높은 바이오매스 가스화 효율을 얻을 수 있다. 최근 Iron-based 촉매는 타르 분해 반응에 대한 효과가 보고되고 있으며, 열적 안정성이 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 Fe 성분을 함유하고 있는 염색슬러지의 회분을 이용하여 대표적인 타르 성분으로 알려진 벤젠의 수증기 개질 반응 특성에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 최종적으로 촉매 활성을 잘 표현하는 Kinetic을 개발하였다. 염색슬러지 회분을 활용한 타르의 수증기 개질 반응은 weight hour space velocity(WHSV) 및 반응 온도에 대하여 수행 되었다. 염색슬러지 회분을 이용한 모사타르인 벤젠의 최대 분해 효율은 900℃ 조건에서 약 40%로 분석되었다. 상용촉매에 비해 분해 효율은 낮지만 폐기물 유래 촉매로서 추가비용이 들지 않고 공급량이 충분하기 때문에 접촉시간을 충분히 유지한다면 분해 효율은 더욱 증가할 것으로 기대된다. Kinetic 반응의 Power law model를 통해 측정된 벤젠과 수증기의 반응 차수는 각각 0.43과 0이었으며, 활성화 에너지는 187.6 kJ mol-1로 측정되었다.