Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the forest healing instructor's experiences of providing a forest healing program. Methods: The participants were 12 forest healing instructors who experienced managing a forest healing program at B mountain in C city. Data were collected using focus group interviews and individual in depth interviews and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Results: As the results of this study, 5 themes and 18 sub-themes were derived. The derived 5 themes were as follows; 1. Choosing a new path as a turning point in life 2. Ambiguity as a new forest healing instructor, 3. Feeling a reward as a forest healing instructor and feeling self-healing. 4. Facing difficulties in operating forest healing programs, 5. Having on-going tasks for the establishment of forest healing programs. Conclusion: In order to provide good forest healing program, we need to develop additional education programs for enhancing professionality as a forest healing instructor and continous long term economical supports and investment for forest healing instructors by the Korea Forest Service.

This study was conducted to evaluate the forage productivity and feed value of Sasa borealis (S. borealis) using growing black goats(S. borealis) in order to improve the utilization of S. borealis and to help mitigate the problem of reduced plant species diversity caused by S. borealis in Hanlla Mountain. One control and three treatments were made by the level of addition of S. borealis silage to the TMR feed. T1(10%), T2(20%), and T3(30%) treatments showed more daily weight gains than control group. Feed conversion ratio of T2 is 4.4g, which is significantly lower than control(P<0.05). The nitrogen retention in the control, which had relatively high dry matter intake, was 12.5g, which was significantly higher than that of T3. Sasa. borealis silage is considered to be able to use as a forage source for black goats, and if it is fed in an appropriate amount, it is considered that it will help improve livestock productivity, such as weight gain and feed conversion ratio.

This study was conducted to determine the maintenance energy requirements of growing goats in order to establish an appropriate energy benefit system, to reduce feed costs and improve livestock productivity of goat farmers, and to present basic data for detailed specifications afterwards. This experiment was conducted as a group specification test for a total of 3 months, with 32 goats of three months age and conducted by four treatments with different energy levels (T1: NRC+0%, T2: NRC+10%, T3: NRC+20%, and T4: NRC+ 30%). The average daily gain was the highest in the treated with NRC + 10% of the energy level of the experimental diet, and the feed conversion ratio was in the range of 6.3 g to 7.3 g in the group feeding experiment. Although there was no significant difference in digestibility between treatments, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat was higher in T2 treated with NRC + 10% than the other treatments. Through the regression equation of the values of MEI and ADG obtained through the experiment (Y=0.5439X+ 111.51, R2=0.712), the maintenance energy requirement of the goat in the growing period was estimated to be 111.51 kcal/kgBW0.75.

A two-year study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 by the establishment of a test field at Chungju-si and Cheongyang-gun. Plant height, number of leaves, insects and diseases, and fresh and dry matter yields for corn hybrid(‘Kwangpyeongok’) were investigated. Daily average, maximum, and minimum temperature, monthly average temperature, daily precipitation, and sunshine duration during the growing season were investigated. We selected climate-critical factors to corn productivity and conducted an evaluation of vulnerability to climate change from 1999 to 2018 for both regions. In 2018, the dry matter yield of forage corn was 6,475 and 7,511 kg/ha in Chungju and Cheongyang, respectively, which was half of that in 2017. The high temperature and drought phenomenon in the 2018 summer caused the corn yield to be low. As well as temperature, precipitation is an important climatic factor in corn production. As a result of climate impact vulnerability assessment, the vulnerability has increased recently compared to the past. It is anticipated that if the high temperature phenomenon and drought caused by climate change continues, a damage in corn production will occur.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementary feeding levels on livestck and forage productivity and grazing intensity in Elk stags (Cervus canadensis). A fifteen 2-year-old Elk stags about 195 kg were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments (five animals per treatment). The dietary treatments consisted of a feeding concentrate of 1.0% of body weight (T1), 1.5% of body weight (T2) and 2.0% of body weight. Total dry matter intake (TDMI) was increased with increased with an increasing supplementary feeding levels. Average daily gain (ADG) were significantly increased with an increasing supplementary feeding levels (p<0.05) and reached a maximum on July and was lower in spring than autumn. The velvet antler production was no differences among treatment groups. Forage productivity of pasture and crude protein content were highest on May and decreased thereafter, however, crude fiber content was the reversed. The grazing intensity of Elk stags was increased in spring (38 to 59 head per ha) than summer and autumn (13 to 32 head per ha). The average grazing intensity of Elk stags ranged from 21 to 34 head per ha, which is affected by supplementary feeding levels. This result suggests that feeding supplementary diet at 1.5 % of body weight was needed to maintain the stable wight gain in antler growing periods and control the proper grazing intensity of Elk deer stags.

This study was conducted to predict the energy requirements for maintenance and growth of female Korean black goats during their growth and pregnancy phases. Fifty female goats (18.7±0.27 kg) in their growth phase with an average age of 5 months were stratified by weight and randomly assigned into 5 groups. They were fed 5 diets varying in metabolic energy (ME) [2.32 (G1), 2.49 (G2), 2.74 (G3), 2.99 (G4), and 3.24 (G5) Mcal/kg] until they were 9-month-old. After natural breeding, 50 female goats (30.7±0.59 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned into 5 groups. They were fed 5 diets varying in ME [2.32 (P1), 2.43 (P2), 2.55 (P3), 2.66 (P4), and 2.78 (P5) Mcal/kg]. The average feed intake ranged between 1.5 and 2.0% of the body weight (BW), and there was no significant difference between the treatment groups with goats in growth or pregnancy phases. Average daily gain (ADG) in diet demand during the growth phase increased with an increasing ME density and ranged from 46 to 69 g/d (p<0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with the ME density during the growth phase (p<0.01). The intercept of the regression equation between ME intake and ADG indicated that energy requirement for maintenance of goats during growth and pregnancy phases was 103.53 kcal/BW0.75 and 102.7 kcal/BW0.75, respectively. These results may serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding standards in Korea. Further studies are required to assess the nutrient requirement of goats using various methods for improving accuracy.

This study was conducted to evaluate the forage production and feed value of Sasa borealis (S. borealis) in Jeju Island in order to improve the utilization of Sasa borealis and to help mitigate the problem of reduced plant species diversity caused by S. borealis in Hanlla Mountain. To investigate the forage production, three quadrat structures were installed in the S. borealis natural community in the middle part of Hanlla Mountain. From May to October 2017, S. borealis in quadrats was cut at a fixed time of each month, and then forage production and regenerated acidity per kg/ha were evaluated. For the evaluation of feed value, compositional analysis was performed on the monthly samples. In vitro digestion experiments were carried out using cannula mounted Hanwoo. In vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility(IVNDFD) and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility(IVADFD) were measured after the experiment. Forage production of S. borealis showed relatively good regeneration ability in May and June, but the regeneration ability decreased as the cutting was repeated. In order to use S. borealis as a forage, it is considered efficient to feed black goats with good fiber decomposition or horses good palatability to S. borealis and relatively good digestibility.

The study was conducted to determine effects on forage productivity, feed value, grazing intensity and livestock productivity in growing Korean native female goat grazing in native pasture. Its with average initial body weight of 14.10±3.6kg and an average age of 4 months were used in this study. Dry matter content of native pasture was the highest at 33.48 ± 2.56% in June, and the content was significantly increased from spring to autumn (p<0.05). Crude protein was maintained between 11% and 12% on average. Nutrient content was maintained at a certain level in native pasture, but there were differences due to the different types of wild grasses produced in each season. The productivity of forage crops increased from June, but decreased after August and showed a characteristic of grassland where productivity decreased rapidly in spring and autumn. The average grazing intensity are 39 head/ha. Black goat average daily gain was 80.2g/d. The stable weight gain in grazing is that the nutrient requirement of the black goat was met by supplementing the concentrated feed during grazing. study, can be expected that the productivity of livestock can be increased through the proper feeding of supplementary feed and maintenance of grazing intensity

This study was conducted to evaluate the protein requirement for maintenance of fattening Korean black goat (Capra hircus coreanae). Six male goats with average initial body weight (BW) of 31.78±4.54kg and an average age of 8 months were used in this study. The experiment had a replicated duplicated 3×3 Latin square design for balancing carryover effects. In the course of the experiment, each of Black goats were fed three diets that were formulated to contain T1 (13%), T2 (16%) and T3 (19%) levels of crude protein (CP). A 14-day diet adjustment period was followed by a 5-day collection period. Dry matter intake (DMI) of groups fed diets with T2 was 966.67g/d which was higher than group fed diets with T1 and T3 were 925.14g/d and 936.08g/d each. Average daily gains (ADG) of black goats were the highest in T2(167.13g/d) But, there was no significant difference. Dietary protein levels affected the apparent digestibility of CP (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in CP intake among treatments and goats receiving T3, T2, and T1 recorded 181.23, 154.57, and 128.78g CP/d, respectively. This was excepted because CP intake is proportional to CP content of diet, which from highest to lowest was as follows: T3 (19%) > T2 (16%) > T1 (13%). Intercept of the regression equation between CP intake and CP balance indicated that maintenance CP requirement was 1.63g/BW0.75.

본 연구는 딸기 ‘매향’ 품종의 과실을 수확 한 후 LPE 용액에 침지처리 한 뒤 저장기간 동안 당도, 색도, 경도 및 생체중 변화를 조사하여 적정 LPE 처리 농도 및 적정 숙도를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 숙도 70%인 과실을 LPE 0(증류수, 대조구), 10, 50, 100mg·L-1 농도에 1분간 침지하거나, 딸기 꼭지에서부터 익은 비율로 숙도 0%, 50%, 70%, 100%로 등급화한 후에 LPE 0(증류수, 대조구), 2.5, 5, 10, 25mg·L-1 농도에 1분간 침지한 후 실온(20oC±1)에서 40분간 자연건조 한 뒤 4oC 저장고에 12일간 저장하였다. 저장 기간 동안 생체중, 종경도, 횡경도, 색도 및 당도 변화를 조사하였다. 숙도 70% 과실을 수확 후 LPE 0, 10, 50, 100mg·L-1 농도에 침지 후 저장하며 과실의 생체중을 측정하였을 때 처리 농도별 유의차가 없었다. 종경도는 저장 3일째에는 무처리구와 LPE 10mg·L-1 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 저장 6일째부터 12일까지는 10mg·L-1 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 횡경도는 저장 9일째 10과 50mg·L-1에서 가장 높게 측정되었으나 12일째에는 10mg·L-1 처리구는 무처리구와 차이가 없었고 50과 100mg·L-1에서 가장 낮았다. 색차계 L*과 b* 값은 LPE 처리 농도별 저장 기간 별 유의차가 없었고, a* 값은 저장 12일째에 LPE 10mg·L-1 처리를 포함한 모든 농도에서 무처리구에 비하여 높았다. 숙도 0%, 50%, 70%, 100%로 등급화한 후에 LPE 0( 증류수, 대조구), 2.5, 5, 10, 25 mg·L-1 농도에 침지한 후 저장하였을 때 과실 생체중은 LPE 처리농도별 유의 차가 없었다. 종경도와 횡경도는 LPE 처리농도와 상관 없이 숙도 0% >50%> 70%> 100% 순으로 높았다. LPE 농도 처리에 의한 영향은 종경도는 숙도 70% 과실의 경우 저장 3, 6, 12일째 모두 LPE 5mg·L-1에서 가장 높았고 12일째는 LPE 처리구 모두 무처리구에 비해 높았다. 숙도 100% 과실의 경우 저장 12일째에 LPE 10mg·L-1에서 종경도가 무처리구에 비해 높았지만 25mg·L-1에서는 종경도 및 횡경도 모두 가장 낮았다. 색차계 L, b 값은 LPE 처리와 관계없이 숙도 0% > 50% > 70% > 100% 순으로 높아 숙도에 따라 유의차가 있었다. 숙도100%에서 가장 낮은 L*과 b*값이 측정 되었다. 숙도 50%와 70% 과실의 경우 저장기간 중 다른 처리구에 비해 5mg·L-1에서 L*, b* 값이 가장 높았다. 숙도 100%의 경우 25mg·L-1에서는 가장 낮은 값을 보여 과숙이 유발된 것으로 판단된다. 색차계 a* 값은 L*과 b*와는 반대로 그 값의 증가는 숙도가 높음을 의미하는 것으로 숙도 0, 50, 70, 100% 모두에서 LPE 처리 효과를 구분할 수 없었고, 당도는 처리별, 기간별 유의차가 없었다. 결론적으로, LPE는 저장 중인 딸기 과실의 생체중에 영향을 주지 않으면서 경도 및 색도 변화에는 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있다. 숙도 70% 과실은 타 숙도에 비해 저장성 증대효과가 크며, 숙도 70%일 때 처리농도 LPE 5mg·L-1에서 저장성 증대에 효과적 이였다.

목적 : 본 연구는 임상에서 요구하는 지식, 기술, 태도를 갖춘 작업치료사를 양성하기 위해 작업치료사의 ‘연하재활’ 교과목을 개발하고, 특성화된 연하재활의 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : Deveploping a Curriculum (DACUM) 직무분석 기법을 사용하여 연하재활의 직무를 정의하고 연하재활관련 작업치료사를 대상으로 작업 중요도와 교육 필요도를 검증하였다. 검증을 통해 추출한 각 각의 핵심작업에 대해 지식, 기능, 도구를 확인하여 교과목을 도출하고 교육과정을 구성하였다. 결과 : 연하재활 직무에 대한 4개의 책무와 18개의 수행작업을 확인하였다. 이를 토대로 6개의 핵심작업을 추출하고 지식, 기능, 도구에 따라 4개의 교과영역과(기본 이론, 연하장애의 원인과 특성, 연하장애 평 가, 연하장애 치료) 15주차 교육내용을 도출하였다. 결론 : 연하재활 직무를 구체적으로 분석하여 교과목을 개발하였기에 연하재활 교육 프로그램 및 체계적인 임상교육을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 글은 거울신경세포시스템에 대한 신경학적 기전에 대하여 알아보고 이에 근거한 동작관찰훈련에 대한 문헌 고찰을 통해 임상에서 신경계환자의 재활치료에 있어 치료적 접근법으로써 사용될 수 있음을 제안하기 위해 작성되었다. 거울신경세포시스템은 특정한 동작의 움직임이나 다른 개체가 움직이는 것을 관찰할 때 활동하는 신경세포를 말하며, 인간의 운동앞이랑, 아래마루엽과 아래이마이랑, 마루엽영역, 위 관자엽고랑을 포함하는 배쪽운동앞겉질에 존재한다고 알려져 있다. 이러한 신경학적 근거에 따라 사용되 고 있는 치료방법에는 동작관찰훈련이 있는데, 동작을 관찰하고 관찰한 동작을 다시 모방하여 반복적으 로 훈련하는 방법이며, 다른 사람의 행동을 관찰함으로써 형태와 동작을 이해하고, 선택하고 모방하여 운동학습의 단계까지 이르는 훈련방법을 말한다. 현재 동작관찰훈련의 치료적 효율성과 임상적용에 대해 서는 관련 연구들이 진행되고 있으며, 해당 연구들에서 기능향상의 효과가 있음이 보고되고 있다. 이러 한 동작관찰훈련방법은 불가능한 움직임보다는 가능한 움직임, 즉 실제 사람의 손의 움직임을 관찰하는 직접적인 방법이나 목적지향적인 과제에 대해서 관찰을 시킬 때 더욱 활성화 시킬 수 있다. 이러한 거울 신경세포에 근거한 동작관찰훈련은 치료적 측면을 떠나 퇴원 후 가정에서도 지속적으로 수행하기 용이 하고, 경제적으로도 비용절약에 효과적인 방법이라 할 수 있겠다. 따라서 본 글에서는 이러한 거울신경 세포시스템에 대한 신경학적 근거에 대해 알아보고 그와 함께 거울신경세포시스템에 근거한 동작관찰훈 련을 적용한 연구를 고찰함으로써 신경계재활치료영역에 있어서 그 효율성과 치료적 적용 가능성에 대 해 알아보고자 한다.

OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Act) generally regulates employer’s business principles in the workplace to maintain safety environment. This act has the fundamental purpose to protect employee’s safety and health in the workplace by reducing industrial accidents. Authors tried to investigate the correlation between ‘occupational injuries and illnesses’ and level of regulation compliance using Survey on Current Status of Occupational Safety & Health data by the various statistical methods, such as generalized regression analysis, logistic regression analysis and poison regression analysis in order to compare the results of those methods. The results have shown that the significant affecting compliance factors were different among those statistical methods. This means that specific interpretation should be considered based on each statistical method. In the future, relevant statistical technique will be developed considering the distribution type of occupational injuries

OSHMS(Occupational Safety and Health Management System) is able to define as a typical convergence of all kinds of activities and elements that support maintaining safety at workplace and protecting employee's health. In particular, fundamental function of OSHMS is preventing diverse hazards at workplace through high level of regulation compliance. Furthermore, insuring safety in workplace, protecting employee's health and increasing effectiveness in manufacture are OSHMS's additional functions. Based on the division of manufacture in 2009 Survey on Current Status of Occupational Health & Safety data, the study analyses certain relation between OSHMS and level of regulation compliance. The main finding is that most activities and elements which formed by OSHMS are being affected by regulation clauses.

OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Act) generally regulates employer's business principles in the workplace to maintain safety environment. This act has the fundamental purpose to protect employee's safety and health in the workplace by reducing industrial accidents. Authors tried to investigate the correlation between 'occupational injuries and illnesses' and level of regulation compliance using Survey on Current Status of Occupational Safety & Health data by the various statistical methods, such as generalized regression analysis, logistic regression analysis and poison regression analysis in order to compare the results of those methods. The results have shown that the significant affecting compliance factors were different among those statistical methods. This means that specific interpretation should be considered based on each statistical method. In the future, relevant statistical technique will be developed considering the distribution type of occupational injuries.