The rapid growth of complexity and scale can be witnessed in the design and development of modern systems. As such, the severity of damages in the occasional accidents has attracted great deal of attention lately. Although a variety of methods have so far been studied to overcome or reduce the disastrous results of hazards, the issues seem still persistent and even complicated due to the situation mentioned above. The concept of functional safety has been regarded as one approach to handling the matters by shifting up to the functions level from the consideration of each physical component itself. The outcomes of those efforts would be the international standards on functional safety such as IEC 61508 and its relatives including IEC 62278, EN 50128, ISO26262, and so on. In this paper, a method of how hazards can be analyzed to be coped with those standards has been studied. In the method proposed, the systems modeling language (SysML) is playing a key role to model and analyze the hazards from the viewpoint of functional safety. The approach taken has been applied in the analysis of the hazards in railroad systems. In spite of focusing on the individual components hazards, the method based on functional safety has analyzed them collectively with the added effect of identifying the cause originated from the interface between the functions.

In recent years, the surroundings of Fire have rapidly changed and citizens need for Fire have been demanding very high. Under these situations, in order for satisfaction to all these demands, Seoul Metropolitan Government Fire Academy(SFA) have only to improve its educational training program as the fire educational training center in Korea. The purpose of this study is to scrutinize current educational training program of SFA and measure the relative weight among the hierarchy of disaster management(prevention and mitigation-prepare dness-response-recovery) by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). The result of this study presents that how many hours must be allocated and set the educational training program with scientific and systematic way of AHP compared the current program of SFA　in 2013. And This study is applied to increase access and comprehension about the AHP and will be able to present guideline for the selection of optimal the educational training of SFA to serve Seoul citizens the best Fire services.

According to ISO 26262 (the international standard on functional safety for automotive industry), the functional safety should be considered during the whole automotive systems life cycle from the design phase throughout the production phase. In order to satisfy the standard, the automotive and related industry needs to take appropriate actions while carrying out a variety of development activities. This paper presents an approach to coping with the standard. Analyzing the standard indicates that the safety issues of the automotive systems should be handled with a system's view whereas the conventional approach to solving the issues has been practiced with focus on the component's level. The aforementioned system's view implies that the functional safety shall be incorporated in the system design from both the system's life-cycle view and the hierarchical view for the structure. In light of this, the systems engineering framework can be quite appropriate in the functional safety development and thus has been taken in this paper as a problem solving approach. Of various design issues, the analysis and verification of the safety requirements for functional safety is a key study subject of the paper. Note, in particular, that the conventional FMEA (failure mode effects analysis) and FTA (fault tree analysis) methods seem to be partly relying on the insufficient experience and knowledge of the engineers. To improve this, a systematic method is studied here and the result is applied in the design of an ABS braking system as a case study.

The pine needles can be used for four seasons in normal living and it can be taken friendly everywhere as it is distributed over 50% in Korea. The pine needles consist of vitamins, protein, minerals, essential oil and enzyme related to antimicrobial activity. It has effect like high blood pressure, neuralgia and hanged over by terpene, glucokinin, rutin, apigenic acid and tannin. Also the extract of them can be used for dyeing of fabrics. However, the extract components and effects of them are not well known yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the volatile components of the pine needles extract and functionality. The pine needles extract was dyed into various fabrics(nylon, silk, wool and soybean) and mordanted with Al, Cu, Cr, Fe and Sn. The extracted aroma compounds were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major volatile compounds of pine needles verified by using SPME were alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, beta-phellandrene, caryophyllene, ethanon, benzen. A total of 15 compounds were identified by using the SPME fibers. In the UV-visible spectra, the maximum absorption of wavelength of the pine needles ethanol extract appeared at 460, 630nm for chlorophyll component and at 237, 281nm for tannin component with the pine needles distilled water extract. Most of sample showed high antibacterial effect in none mordant but wool fabric showed high antibacterial effect in mordants. The result of UV block test showed a superior ability of blocking ultraviolet ray infiltration in all sample.