PURPOSES : Previously, the expansion state of the concrete pavement in which AAR occurred could not be determined. Because the current situation has not been evaluated, it has been difficult to prepare an appropriate response. In this study, a method for calculating the expansion amount of concrete pavement using the stiffness damage test (SDT) is proposed. METHODS : The SDT method was examined through a literature review. For the laboratory tests, specimens that generated AAR were produced based on the mix design (2018) of the Korea Expressway Corporation. SDT was used to calculate various mechanical properties, and their correlation with the expansion amount was reviewed. RESULTS : Using the SDT, various mechanical properties(elastic modulus, hysteresis area, plastic deformation, plastic deformation index, stiffness damage index, and nonlinear index) were calculated based on the expansion rate of the AAR. The elastic modulus was evaluated as the best predictor of the expansion rate. Thus, if the elastic modulus is calculated using SDT, a prediction equation can be used to calculate the amount of AAR expansion. This equation will need to be supplemented by further research. CONCLUSIONS : SDT was used to confirm that the expansion state due to the AAR of the concrete pavement could be indirectly evaluated. Among the mechanical properties related to SDT, the elastic modulus was found to be the most suitable for predicting the amount of expansion.

PURPOSES : In this study, the alkali aggregate reactivity and expansion characteristics of mortar mixed with waste glass (a recycled aggregate) were confirmed to verify the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) stability and review the appropriateness of the alkali aggregate reactivity test method following the replacement of recycled aggregate. METHODS : The alkali-aggregate reactivity of waste glass aggregates was measured using the chemical and physical methods described in KS F 2545 and ASTM C 1260, respectively. The reactivity was classified by comparing the results. Cement with a high-alkali content was used to simulate an environment that can induce ASR. Non-reactive fine aggregates, waste glass fine aggregates, reactive general aggregates, and Ferronickel slag aggregates were used as control groups. RESULTS : Waste glass fine aggregates were classified as reactive when applying the chemical method. In the physical method, they were classified as reactive at 100% and latent reactive at 1%, based on the mixing ratio. Additionally, we discovered that the reliability of the chemical method was low since the ASR of the aggregates was classified differently based on the evaluation method, while the results of the chemical and physical test methods were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS : To determine the alkali reactivity of recycled aggregates, the complex use of chemical and physical methods and analysis based on the mixing ratio of the reactive aggregates are required. Small amounts of waste glass aggregate replacements affected the ASR. Because ASR reaction products can affect the long-term thermal expansion of the structure, further research is needed to use ASR aggregates in structures.

현재까지 발표된 연구에 따르면 순환골재에는 약 20~40 중량%의 잔류 모르타르가 존재하는 것으로 알 려져 있으며, 순환골재에 포함된 잔류 모르타르의 함량에 따라 콘크리트의 강도 및 탄성계수 등의 물리적 거동에도 영향을 미치게 된다. 이러한 잔류 모르타르가 포함된 순환골재를 사용하여 ASTM C-1260의 규 정에 따라 알칼리 실리카 반응성 평가를 진행하게 될 경우, 포함되어 있는 잔류 모르타르 함량이 많아짐 에 따라 원골재의 비율이 줄어들게 되어 올바른 실험 결과값을 얻을 수 없는 경우가 발생하게 된다. 이러 한 문제점으로 인하여 순환골재를 재활용하기에 앞서 원골재의 내구적 특성을 파악하는 것이 매우 중요할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 순환골재에 포함된 잔류 모르타르가 골재의 알칼리 실리카 팽창에 미치는 영향 을 평가하기 위해 동일한 모암을 가지며 잔류 모르타르 함량이 다른 순환골재 2종을 1M 농도의 염산 용 액으로 잔류 모르타르를 제거하여 염산처리 전 ․ 후 골재의 화학적 구성성분을 분석하고(그림 1), ASTM C-1260 규정에 따라 알칼리 실리카 반응성을 평가 및 분석하였다. 실험결과 흡수율이 6%를 초과하는 재 생골재 RA1의 경우 ASR 팽창거동은 원골재 대비 44%까지 감소하였으며, 흡수율 3% 미만인 순환골재 RA2의 경우 78%까지 감소하였다(그림 2). 따라서 본 연구에 사용된 골재의 경우, 원골재에 부착된 잔류 모르타르 함량의 대소에 따라 ASR시편의 팽창성은 실제 골재의 팽창성에 비해 50%이하로 감소되어 거동 할 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the residual mortar of recycled concrete aggregate on the expansion behavior during alkali silica reaction (ASR). METHODS: In order to evaluate the net effect of residual mortar on ASR expansion behavior, two aggregate samples with the same original virgin aggregate source but different residual mortar volumes were used. ASTM C1260 test was used to evaluate the ASR expansion behavior of these two aggregates and the original virgin aggregate. RESULTS: The greater the amount of residual mortar in recycled concrete aggregates, the less is the induced ASR expansion. Depending on the amount of residual mortar in recycled concrete aggregate, the ASR expansion of recycled concrete aggregate may be less than half of that of the original virgin aggregate. CONCLUSIONS: The residual mortar of recycled concrete aggregate may lead to the under estimation of the ASR expansion behavior of the original virgin aggregate.

PURPOSES: This paper describes the expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete pavement currently in service. It also discusses the effects of joints installed to release the stress induced by the AAR expansion. METHODS: The expansion effect on concrete pavement was verified by a visual inspection and long-term measurement of the joint width of a cut-section. The behaviors of 16 newly installed joints were monitored as part of the investigation and long-term monitoring was carried out for three years after cutting. RESULTS: The behavior of a bridge was affected when AAR occurred in the connected pavement. The newly installed joints shrank in the longitudinal direction of the bridge after cutting. The width of the joints decreased over the six months after cutting. A large portion of the joint width (8.5cm) was found to have closed nine months after cutting. It had ultimately shrunk by about 92 percent when the final measurement was taken. CONCLUSIONS : The expansion of the pavement due to AAR was quantitatively described by visual inspection and the long-term monitoring of the newly cut joints. However, the width of the new joints decreased over the six to nine months after cutting. Additional research should be conducted to determine a means of controlling the expansion due to AAR in the pavement.

현재 국내에서는 천연골재 수급의 어려움과 건설폐기물 재사용의 일환으로 기존의 천연골재를 순환골 재로 대체하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으며 국가적 차원으로도 순환골재의 사용을 의무화 하였다. 향후 순환골재의 사용량이 늘어날 것으로 예상됨에 따라 순환골재에 대한 전반적인 기초연구가 필요한 실 정이다. 순환골재는 천연골재에 비해 낮은 비중, 높은 흡수율, 각종 이물질 함유 등의 특징을 가지며, 이러한 순환골재를 사용하여 만든 콘크리트는 압축강도와 탄성계수 등의 물성에 있어서 낮은 경향을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라, 커다란 품질편차를 보인다. 따라서 배합 설계시 이론값을 통한 현장강도 계산을 적절히 적용할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 실내시험과 현장시험간의 결과치가 유사하지 않은 경향을 보일 수 있다. 따라서 순 환골재의 적절한 사용을 위해서는 지속적인 연구를 통한 데이터의 축적이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 천연골재 3종, 순환골재 4종을 대상으로 골재 기초 물성 분석 및 XRF 분석을 하 였으며, 또한 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트 외에 고로 슬래그 미분말, 저알칼리 시멘트를 사용하여 알칼리 실리 카 반응성을 촉진 모르타르 봉 시험법(ASTM C-1260)으로 평가 하였다.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to compare the alkali-silica reactivity for mortar bar and concrete prism specimens using crushed aggregates of 5 types in Korea. And the alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates are measured by chemical test method. METHODS: The alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates was measured by chemical test method of KS F 2545, mortar-bar test of KS F 2546, accelerated mortar-bar test method of ASTM C 1260 and concrete prism test method of ASTM C 1293, relatively. RESULTS: The alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates was verified by chemical test of KS F 2546 and accelerated mortar-bar test of ASTM C 1260. However, it was not by mortar-bar test of KS F 2546 and concrete prism test of ASTM C 1293. CONCLUSIONS: The above results showed that relationship among the four test methods were very low. The results from 3 types of test methods using cement-aggregate combinations appeared to be different. Because the environmental conditions of test methods for measuring the alkali-silica reactivity such as equivalent alkali content(external source), humidity, temperature, and times were different though the aggregates were same. Moreover, alkali-silica reactivity showed the biggest impact when alkalis were supplied form outside and exposed to environmental conditions. The accelerated mortar-bar test method seems to be most appropriate test method for concrete structures exposed to alkali environment.

The focus of this study is to investigate the ASR of concrete incorporating pre-treated soda-lime glass as aggregates. The glass aggregates were pre-treated with three different techniques, i.e. Ca(OH)2, NaOH and the mixed solution. The results indicate that all the pre-treatment techniques showed a decrease effect on ASR and such an effect increase with treatment time, the mixed solution showed the best effect. The pre-treated glass aggregate at the mixed solution at 80℃ for 7 days providing a 45% reduction in the expansion caused by ASR, and it can be considered innocuous based on ASTM C1260.

고속도로에서 콘크리트 포장의 알칼리-골재반응 발생 구간이 증가하고 있다. 알칼리-골재반응이 발생한 콘크리트 포장은 팽창하 면서 인접 교량에 교대 변위를 발생시켜 다수의 손상을 발생시키고 있다. 현장 조사 결과 콘크리트 포장의 팽창량은 온도 신축에 의한 팽창률을 상회하면서 교량에 치명적인 하중으로 작용하고 있어 손상 방지를 위한 선제적인 조치가 필요하다. 알칼리-골재 반응에 의한 팽창 정도는 알칼 리-골재반응의 상태, 포장의 길이 및 도로구조에 따라 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 교량의 손상 방지를 위해선 콘크리트 포장의 팽창력을 이완시켜 주는 방안이 효과적이며 콘크리트 포장의 길이가 긴 구간은 아스팔트 치환공법이 유리할 것이다.

This study suggested an improvement of expansion joint and asphalt pavement construction to prevent pavement and bridges damage due to alkali silica reaction. First, for the case study of alkali silica reaction, we conducted a field survey of expressway 15 Mokpo - Muan. As a result, those following damages were investigated such as abutment tensile cracks, pavement crazing and rising, joint contractions and localized damage etc. To prevent this, we applied those following improvements to Muan2 bridge and Samjeong bridge of expressway 15 and confirmed improvement effectiveness by monitoring. 1) Installing an expansion joint on a bridge near pavement slabs(3 points), 2) constructing asphalt pavement after removing concrete pavement(6m). In conclusion, through such improvements suggested above, we expect that we will be able to effectively prevent bridges damage due to Alkali Silica Reaction. Consequentially, it will also contribute improving the safety of vehicles in the expressway.