본 연구에서는 MF/UF/RO/MD와 같은 다양한 종류의 막여과 공정에 대하여 에너지 사용량을 분석하기 위한 기법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 에너지 흐름 분석을 위하여 공정모사 모델을 개발하였으며 이를 이용하여 각 단계별 유효에너지와 에너지 손실을 계산하였다.

In this study, we analyzed all of the waste streams associated with household waste to provide a basis for incorporating the individual characteristics of municipalities in setting targets for waste-to-resource circulation. Toward this end, we examined how household waste is treated based on the disposal method (mixed waste disposed of in standard volumerate garbage bags, separation recyclable waste, and food waste) and the amount of residuals generated at their respective treatment facilities. The actual recycling rate or actual waste-to-energy conversion rate was calculated as the ratio of the actual amount of waste that is recycled or converted to energy against the amount of waste intake at waste treatment facilities. The conversion factor of actual recycling rates at 17 municipalities showed an average of 63.9% for public material recovery facilities (MRFs) with those for individual municipalities ranging from 50.4% to 93.2%, and an average of 93.8% for private and public food waste treatment facilities with slightly higher rates found for public facilities (70.4 ~ 100%) than private facilities (63.3 ~ 100%). The actual waste-to-energy conversion factor was 59.3% on average for combustible waste-to-energy facilities (17.2 ~ 72.3%) and 92.0% on average for biological waste-to-energy facilities (77.1 ~ 99.5%). To achieve the national target for the actual recycling rate, additional strategies for recycling or converting the residuals generated at recycling or combustible waste-to-energy facilities into resources are needed. The actual recycling and waste-to-energy conversion rates provided in this study based on a full examination of household waste streams hold valuable insights for incorporating the individual situations of municipalities in setting their targets for wasteto- resource circulation indicators and creating new strategies for improving the actual recycling rate.

본 연구에서는 지자체의 권역별‧지역별 특성을 고려한 자원순환 목표 설정을 도모하기 위해 가정생활폐기물을 대상으로 폐기물 처리 전과정 흐름분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 가정생활폐기물 배출형태(종량제봉투, 재활용품 및 남은 음식물류)에 따라 어떤 처리흐름에 따라 처리되는지를 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 잔재물로 배출되는 양 또는 재활용시설 등을 거쳐 추가적으로 최종 처분되는 양 등을 파악하였다. 여기서 폐기물 실질 재활용률 또는 실질 폐기물에너지화율은 폐기물 처리시설 반입량 대비 실질 재활용량 또는 실질 폐기물에너지화된 양(반입량-잔재물 발생량)을 의미한다. 17개 지자체의 실질 재활용률은 재활용품 선별시설의 경우 평균 72.2%로 50.4-93.2%의 범위를 나타내고 있으며, 음식물류폐기물 자원화시설의 경우 공공시설 평균은 90.9%, 범위는 72.2-100%이며, 민간시설 평균은 94.0%, 63.3-100%의 범위를 나타내고 있다. 실질 에너지화율은 가연성폐기물 연료화시설의 경우 평균 41.5%로 17.2-72.3%의 범위를 나타내고 있으며, 유기성폐기물 에너지화시설의 경우 평균 91.5%로 77.1-99.5%의 범위를 나타내고 있다. 이를 기초로 17개 지자체의 순환이용률을 산정한 결과, 평균 41.5%, 28.4-59.6%의 범위를 나타내고 있다. 국가의 자원순환 목표인 순환이용률 달성을 위해서는 재활용품 선별시설 및 가연성 에너지화시설 잔재물의 2차 재활용 또는 에너지화 방안을 추가적으로 강구할 필요가 있다. 본 흐름분석을 통해 산출된 실질 재활용률 및 실질 폐기물에너지화율을 기반으로 지자체의 현실을 반영한 자원순환 목표지표 설정이 가능할 것이며, 순환이용률 향상 방안 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

When the city water was heated for the optimum use of unused energy, the energy flows and losses were calculated and evaluated to improve the value of heated water systems at dwelling side. To obtain this purpose, It was simulated on heat flows under two conditions like with heat pumps or not and calculated the energy savings. Furthermore, recycling water system was suggested for enhancing the value of heated water system. From this results, the energy flows without heat pumps showed that it was 3-4 percents of heat losses from pipes, 62 percents of energy savings from hot water uses and 34 percents of unutilized heat. When the heated water system adopt the recycling water system at dwelling side, it was improved 12 percents of total energy savings.