PURPOSES : This study analyzes the accident damage scale of hazardous material transportation vehicles not monitored in real time by the Hazardous Material Transportation Safety (HMTS) management center. METHODS : To simulate hazardous-material transportation vehicle accidents, a preliminary analysis of transportation vehicle registration status was conducted. Simulation analyses were conducted for hazardous substance and flammable gas transportation vehicles with a high proportion of small- and medium-sized vehicles. To perform a spill accident damage-scale simulation of hazardous-substance transportation vehicles, the fluid analysis software ANSYS Fluent was used. Additionally, to analyze explosion accidents in combustible gas transportation vehicles, the risk assessment software Phast and Aloha were utilized. RESULT : Simulation analysis of hazardous material transportation vehicles revealed varying damage scales based on vehicle capacity. Simulation analysis of spillage accidents showed that the first arrival time at the side gutter was similar for various vehicle capacities. However, the results of the cumulative pollution analysis based on vehicle capacity exhibited some differences. In addition, the simulation analysis of the explosion overpressure and radiant heat intensity of the combustible gas transportation vehicle showed that the difference in the danger radius owing to the difference in vehicle capacity was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS : The simulation analysis of hazardous-material transportation vehicles indicated that accidents involving small- and medium-sized transportation vehicles could result in substantial damage to humans and ecosystems. For safety management of these small and medium-sized hazardous material transportation vehicles, it is expected that damage can be minimized with the help of rapid accident response through real-time vehicle control operated by the existing HMTS management center.

Since 2024, small business are also going to be ruled under the Serious Accident Punishment Act. As the scope of the law expands, the small logistics companies are required to pay more attention on preventing serious accidents on the field. Freight vehicle accidents can cause personnel accidents and cargo accidents which are the two serious accidents that the Serious Accident Punishment Act is trying to prevent. The purpose of this research are to study the factors that cause the serious accidents that happens in the small logistics companies and to suggest preventive. The results of the study shows that fall prevention is the top-priority and then driving experience, safety management, and cargo driving hours. However, the gaps between the evaluation values of each are not huge, which means all the preventives are significant.

PURPOSES : This study analyzed explanatory variables, such as dangerous driving behaviors, in a negative binomial regression model, using the Digital Tachograph data of commercial vehicles, to assess the factors associated with freeway accidents. METHODS : Fixed parameter and random parameter negative binomial regression models were constructed using freeway accident data of commercial vehicles from January 2007 to July 2018 on the Gyeongbu Expressway from West Ulsan Interchange to Gimcheon Junction. RESULTS : Six explanatory variables (logarithm of average annual daily traffic, sunny, rainy, and snowy weather conditions, road curvature, and driving behaviors that included sudden stops) were found to impact the occurrence of freeway accidents significantly. Two of these variables (snowy weather conditions and sudden stops among dangerous driving behaviors) were analyzed as random parameters. These variables were shown as probabilistic variables that do not have a fixed impact on traffic accidents CONCLUSIONS : The variables analyzed as random parameters should be carefully considered when the freeway operating authorities plan an improvement project for highway safety.

PURPOSES: This study aims to contribute to a better road environment, which can result in accident reduction from two-wheeled vehicles, by analyzing factors affecting the two-wheeled vehicles’ accident severities in Incheon Metropolitan City. METHODS: In this study, the two-wheeled vehicles’ accident severity was classified into four categories (fatal injury, serious injury, minor injury, and injury report) as a dependent variable, and 97 independent variables out of 14 categories were considered to construct an ordered probit model. To determine the factors affecting accident severity, the statistical package LIMDEP was used. RESULTS: Among the variables used in the analysis, variables related to accident occurrence date (first quarter), region (8-district), accident type (passing the edge of the road of the vehicle for a pedestrian accident, fixed object collision, and overturn of vehicle-only accident), violation type (unobtained safety distance, failure to perform safe driving, violation of intersection driving, and violation of others), the type of road (at the intersection, near the intersection, at the crosswalk, near the crosswalk, etc.), gender of assailant (male), vehicle of victim (pedestrian and motorcycle), and age of victim (under 20) were found to have a statistically significant effect on the severity of the accident. CONCLUSIONS: The variables related to accident type (fixed object collision and overturn of vehicle-only accident), gender of assailant (male), and vehicle of victim (pedestrian and motorcycle) have turned out increasing the accident severity. In addition, accident occurrence for two-wheeled vehicles is more diverse and vulnerable to damage than automobile accidents. Therefore, it is time to recognize the seriousness of two-wheeled vehicle accidents and to improve the environment and systems for safe driving.

Several researchers have discussed which element is preferably chosen as a vehicle in metonymic constructions Langacker (1993) claims that, all other things being equal, these cognitive principles govern the choice of metonymic vehicle: human over non-human, whole over part, concrete over abstract, visible over non-visible. This claim has been made, but no previous case studies regarding these principles have been conducted. To remedy this gap, this paper examines 510 instances of PART FOR WHOLE metonymy in the names of events and accidents in Korean newspapers from 2010 through 2019. The result shows that AGENT is most frequently utilized to refer to whole events, supporting one principle of Langacker, human over nonhuman. CAUSE, PATIENT, and PLACE follows AGENT. INSTRUMENT is not very frequently used unless it achieves its salience through contexts. TIME is observed only once. Considering that TIME was used frequently to name past events, as in the 4.19 Revolution, 5.18 Democratic Movement, the 4.3 Events, the infrequent use of TIME reflects a cultural change in its cognitive salience.