The core principles of Korea’s Saemaul Undong, a model of the agricultural and rural development for developing countries, may be summarized as adoption of organizational approach considering spiritual enlightenment, pursuit of visible change through practical innovations, villager’s voluntary participation and self-help, and introduction of competition-based incentive system. The contents of the Saemaul Undong project include agricultural production technology transfer and agricultural infrastructure building as well as spiritual enlightenment and living infrastructure improvement. Based on the situational characteristics of Myanmar, some measures to apply Saemaul Undong approach can be proposed as follows. The scope of Saemaul Undong needs to encompass agricultural technology transfer as well as infrastructure building for improving agricultural production and living environment. Saemaul Undong is not a panacea for rural development, but it can be a guide for developing agriculture and rural areas by helping lessen trial and errors. Mind-set change by Saemaul Undong training and group decision making with village leaders and villagers need to be actively applied to Myanmar. Emphases need to be put on agricultural productivity and income increase as well as living environment improvement considering unique situations of Myanmar. In addition, income increase measures for landless farmers by livestock raising are required. Empowerment, manpower mobilization and material support need to be flexibly applied to rural villages based on their labor market situation. In developing village leaders, partnership with NGOs needs to be emphasized in suburban areas. Systematic evaluation tools need to be developed for identifying determinants of the success of Saemaul Undong.

Agricultural and rural extension has played diverse roles for rural development according to different ages and situations. In Africa, the roles of extension are strongly requires to eradicate poverty. In this regard, the study aims at proposing some measures to strengthen the roles of extension for the Africa’s rural development. It seems that there need such policies as successful implementation of agricultural and rural development projects, formation of community’s change adoption environments, community empowerment and capacity building, in order to facilitate agricultural and rural development. For strengthening the linkage of extension to agricultural and rural development policies, the following measures will have to be adopted: i) strengthening of the linkage of extension services to agricultural and rural development projects; ii) formation of community’s change adoption climates by integrating consciousness transformation and infrastructure improvement; iii) recovery and expansion of public-side rural extension’s roles for facilitating community change by empowering the extension workers; iv) acceleration of innovation expansion through facilitation method or technique.

이 연구에서는 최근 농림수산식품부를 중심으로 추진되고 있는 농업·농촌부문 국제협력사업의 규모 및 협력 대상지역등을 분석하여 우리나라가 전수할 수 있는 경험, 기술의 목록(안)을 작성하여 제시하였다. 농업·농촌부문에서 적용할 수있는 국제협력 모델 수립을 위하여 이들 경험과 기술을 기초로 한 원조 프로그램을 7가지로 정리하여 제시하였다. 원조 프로그램은 미곡 생산성 증대 및 산업화 체계 구축, 원예작물생산성 증대 및 산업화 체계 구축, 축산업 발전체계 구축, 농업 인프라 구축, 농업기술 개발 및 보급, 지도, 농촌종합개발,그리고 농업정책 종합 컨설팅 등이다. 협력사업은 역량개발,컨설팅, 시설장비물자와 같은 현물지원 등 세 가지의 형태로구분하여 제시하였다. 원조 프로그램이 협력사업으로 추진되는 경우의 추진 주체는 정부와 민간부문(기업, NGO), 국제사회 등으로 효과적인 역할 분담과 원조조화성이 강조되어야 한다. 농업·농촌부문에서의 추진주체간 협력형태는 “선진화 방안”의 표준 “원조모델”을 참고하여 정부-NGO간 협력 사업 형태, 정부-기업간 협력 사업 형태, 정부-국제사회간 협력 사업형태로 설정되어야 할 것이다. 정부가 추진하는 국제개발협력 “선진화 방안”에 부응하여농업·농촌부문에서 협력대상국에 적용 가능한 개발경험과 사업기술 항목들을 발굴, 선정함으로써 국가 전체의 개발협력 기본방향에 부합할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이들 개발경험과 사업기술 항목들을 참고하여 대상국의 요청에 맞는 세부 사업내용을 협의함으로써 농업·농촌부문 협력사업의 효율적인 추진이 가능하게 될 것이다. 그리고 이 연구를 통해 농식품부와소속기관에게 원조 프로그램과 추진주체의 역할 및 협력형태등에 대한 기본적인 모델을 제공함으로써 사업간 조정능력이 제고되고 사업추진의 효율성이 높아질 것으로 기대된다. 농업·농촌부문에서 협력대상국은 우리나라의 개발경험과 사업기술 및 이를 토대로 수립된 협력 모델을 근거로 하고, 또한 자체 개발전략과 공여국기구의 국별협력전략 등을 참고하여 적합한 사업을 선정할 수 있게 됨으로써 보다 신속하고 체계적인 맞춤형 협력사업이 추진되어야 할 것이다. 끝으로, 선정된 경험, 사업기술을 중심으로 협력사업이 추진될 경우 관련인력, 조직기관의 역량이 제고되어 지속가능한 사업이 될 수있게 하는 것이 향후 협력대상국의 농업·농촌부문에서 나타나고 있는 문제점을 해결하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

The dissemination process of agricultural research and development (R&D) results has somewhat different characteristics from that of typical R&D results. However, these characteristics are not adequately considered on the basis of an examination of the current performance system, the resulting management plans, and strategies for the application and dissemination of the results of agricultural R&D in Korea. The performance evaluation indicator exposed the problem of the inadequate consideration of the characteristics of each of these areas, particularly the lack of unified R&D-related institutions and the inadequacy of the system to monitor outcomes. To address these shortcomings in the agricultural R&D programs in Korea, the policies pertaining to agricultural R&D performance, results management, and dissemination in the U.S. and Japan were examined. Based on these investigations, we proposed strategies to improve the agricultural R&D policies in Korea.

In these days, agricultural products are regarded as a core income source in tourism villages. Nevertheless, poor packaging of agricultural products has threatened the competitiveness and quality of products. For farmers, it is less likely to employ individual designer for developing and improving their packages due to low accessability to rural villages and budgets. Based on this background, this study conducted 'Charrette' in order to improve agricultural product packaging. The target village was 'Goraday' in Gangwon province. This study consisted of different steps for building and implementing proper 'Charrette' programs. Then, it also conducted empirical investigation about the effectiveness and efficiency of 'Charrette'. 'Charrette' has made progress as follows; first step was concerned with advance preparation for constructing program. Second, implementation of 'Charratte' included data collection and analysis, and development of design. Third, evaluation and feedback stage have given presentation and discussion about suggested design with local residents. Empirical investigation about the effectiveness and efficiency of 'Charrette' has been composed with survey and interview targeting participants. In survey and interviews, designers were asked about their attitudinal changes in relation to knowledge, recognition, function, motivation, and satisfaction toward 'Charrette' and 'agricultural product package design' before and after participating the event. The results showed that knowledge and perception of designers toward 'agricultural product package design' have positively increased. In addition, it revealed that designers were satisfied with collaborations with others and their contribution to rural community business. However, the results also suggested that sufficient preparation time/schedules and opportunity to meet other and farmers before events would be required to have better communication and understanding in relation to their tasks and role distribution. Furthermore, it is also required for designers to hold relationship with local community in order to actualize their packaging design.

21st century has begun as an age of green growth. Development paradigms disregarding environmental sustainability are being changed and henceforth, stronger efforts should be made to discover and utilize green values. With the importance of green values, rural amenity which is in the spotlight as a new channel to change the way people think about depressed agriculture and rural community could be the key to discover green values of rural area. This study is to emphasize rural amenity and to rectify prejudiced and distorted contents of agriculture and rural community in agricultural highschool textbooks. By doing this, students of agricultural highschool who will lead agriculture in the future will come to recognize the importance of agriculture and rural area and discovering it's values. This study was done through analysis and development of contents in 39 kinds of textbooks of Agricultural highschool. A content analysis was employed to examine to what extent the contents on agriculture and rural community were reflected in the textbooks of agriculture highschool. And 262 new education contents formulating positive and exact rural amenity concept were developed and 62 of them were included in textbooks.

The objectives of the study were to. 1) explain the seriousness of environmental problems and the importance of environmental education in rural development , and 2) explore more effective and efficient ways of environmental education for agriculture and rural development in Korea. The world has rapidly changed and concepts such as clientele -centered, efficiency, and globalization are flowing under this change. Agriculture or rural development is not an exception. In order for agriculture as an occupation and rural communities to have competitiveness in efficiency and attractiveness, it is important to develop and execute a well-planned program for agriculture and rural development. Otherwise, farmers and rural inhabitants will continue to leave the agriculture and rural areas. Frequent recent reports of newspapers on nit and water pollution, including nutrients and pesticides have brought attention to the seriousness of environmental problems in Korea. Environmental concerns should consider in planning and executing the rural development program. People want to get contamination-free foods, water and fresh air. They can and are willing to pay their money for high quality food, water and a better living environment, as their incomes have been increasing, Agriculture and rural communities may have competitiveness in these aspects. It is irony that environmental concerns makes the possibility of changes in agriculture and rural development in Korea. Environmental education will have an increasingly important role in agriculture and rural development. Environmental problems relate to the human behavior in various aspects. Many environmental problems are mainly rooted to people's ignorance and spending-habits, and lack of technology related to environment. These human behaviors are the focus that environmental education should teach and change. Environmental education has been carried out through various subjects in school education in Korea, but "Environment" in middle school and "Environmental Science" in high school were separated as a regular subject from 1996. Environmental education still has a lot of room for development from a theoretical frame work. Environmental education should be carried out as action-oriented, student-centered programs. Various teaching materials, programs and proper supporting budget should be developed so that environmental education fulfills its necessary role well in agriculture and rural development. A textbook about the environment alone will not guarantee a high quality environmental education.