Background: The reduction in physical activity in stroke patients weakens their health and lowers their quality of life. There is a need for the development of effective exercise programs to enhance the physical activity of chronic stroke patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a rehabilitation sports program using Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on the body composition, physical function, and quality of life of stroke. Design: Single group study. Methods: This study was conducted on 9 chronic stroke patients. The exercise program, which applied PNF, was carried out in group sessions twice a week for 50 minutes each over 8 weeks. Participants were assessed before and after the exercise program using InBody, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Grip Strength, 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and completed the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests for pre- and post-exercise comparisons and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for evaluating the effects of the exercise program. Results: The results of this study showed differences in weight (P>.05), BMI(P>.05), body fat (P>.05), FMA-UE (P<.05), Grip Strength (P<.05), 10MWT (P<.05), TUG (P<.05), FRT (P<.05), SF-36 (P<.05). Conclusion: This suggests that the rehabilitation sports program using PNF can be used as an exercise program to enhance physical activity, improving physical function and quality of life in chronic stroke patients.

본 연구는 만 40-60세 비만 중년여성을 대상으로 10주간 스마트머신 순환운동이 체조성, 폐기능, 혈중지질 및 인슐린 저항성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 운동군(n=8), 대조군(n=6)으로 구분하여 실시하였다. 스마트머신 순환운동은 주 3회, 회당 55분으로 유산소 운동의 강도는 스마트머신과 POLAR T31이 연동 되어 스마트머신에 적용되며, 1-4주차는 40-50%HRR, 5-8주차는 50-60%HRR, 9-10주차는 60-70%HRR을 적용하였고, 저항성 운동의 강도는 스마트머신을 이용하여 등속성 운동 기반으로 대상자들의 1-RM test의 데이터 값을 이용하여 1-4주차는 1-RM의 40%, 5-8주차는 1-RM의 60%, 9-10주차는 1-RM의 80%를 적용하여 실시하였다. 그 결과 체중, 체질량지수, 체지방율, 허리-엉덩이둘레비율에서 그룹×시기 간 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 폐기능의 FVC는 시기 간 주 효과와 사후 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, FVC 및 FEV1은 그룹×시기 간 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. TC 및 TG는 시기 간 주 효과가 나타났으며, TC, TG 및 HDL-C는 그룹×시기 간 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. Insulin, Glucose 및 HOMA-IR은 운동 전·후 시기 간 차이에서 운동군이 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 10주간 스마트머신 순환운동 프로그램이 비만 중년여성의 체조성, 폐기능, 혈중지질 및 인슐린 저항성에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며 이는 중년여성의 비만을 개선하거나 비만을 예방할 수 있는 운동 프로그램이라고 사료된다.

Insect cuticle tanning (pigmentation and sclerotization) is a complex and vital process, which includes hydroxylation of initial amino acid, tyrosine, to DOPA and decarboxylation of DOPA to dopamine. In the pigmentation process, dopamine further undergoes two N-acylation reactions to yield N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and N-β-alanyldopamine (NBAD). In the former reaction, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT1) converts dopamine to NADA, and in the later reaction, aspartate 1-decarboxylase (ADC) provides β-alanine, which is conjugated with dopamine catalyzed by NBAD synthase (Ebony) for production of NBAD. In this study, we performed functional genomics of TmAANAT1, TmADC and Tmebony to determine whether they are required for cuticle pigmentation in Tenebrio molitor adults. Loss of function of these genes by RNAi caused the significantly darker body color than that of control animals. Note that, although all phenotypes exhibited dark cuticle pigmentation, RNAi of either TmADC or Tmebony only altered brownish outer region of the cuticle to dark/black. In contrast, RNAi of TmAANAT1 had no effect on the brown hue of the outer cuticle layer, but less or no pigmented inner region of the cuticle became significantly darker than those of control adults. These results suggest that, like that seen in TcAANAT1- or TcADC-deficient Tribolium castaneum adults, NADA produced by a reaction by TmAANAT1 contributes the lighter inner cuticle layer(s), whereas NBAD appears to do the highly pigmented outer cuticle layer(s) of the cuticle of T. molitor adults. This work was supported by NRFs (NRF-2015R1A6A3A04060323 and NRF-2018R1A2B6005106).

The purpose of this study was to parallel circuit training and circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism was to compare the differences in pulmonary function and chest expansion in adult men. This study was performed on 20 subjects. 20 subjects were divided into two groups; Circuit training group(n=10), Circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism(n=10). Both of the group performed the exercise 3 times a week for 5 weeks. The data was analyzed by the Repeated t-test for comparing before, during and after changes of factors in each group and the Independent t-test for comparing the between groups. The result are as follows. Circuit training group was statistically significant difference FVC, FEV1/FVC(p<.05), Circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism group was statistically significant difference PEF, VC in pulmonary function(p<.05). Circuit training group was statistically significant difference FEV1/FVC of between the two group in pulmonary function(p<.05). Circuit training group and circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism group was statistically significant difference in chest expansion(p<0.05) and there was no statistically significant difference of between the two group in chest expansion(p>.05).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bridging stabilization exercise on balance ability and gait performance in elderly women. The subjects of this study were thirty-one elderly women over 65 years old in HongSung-Gun Senior Citizen Welfare Hall. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups (trunk stabilization exercise on the mat, whole body vibration, and Swiss ball) and participated in each exercise program three times a week for 4 weeks. Each exercise began in the bridging position. The dynamic balance and gait were measured by limit of stability area using force plate, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). The results were as follows: 1) The limit of stability in three groups increased significantly in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral lean after 4-weeks intervention (p<.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the limit of stability among three groups after 4-weeks intervention (p>.05). 3) The BBS and TUG in three groups increased significantly after 4-weeks intervention (p<.05). 4) There were significant differences among three groups in BBS. Post-hoc test showed that Swiss ball exercise group was significantly higher than the mat and whole body vibration groups. 5) There were no significant differences TUG among three groups after 4-weeks intervention (p>.05). In conclusion, this study suggested that 4 weeks of the bridging stabilization exercises were effective on balance and gait in all three groups. Particularly Swiss ball exercise group showed higher improvement than two other exercise groups (mat, whole body vibration group).

Polar body was usually used as a determinant of oocyte's maturation. Polar body morphology could reflect the embryo quality and implantation competence. This review only focuses on morphology of the first polar body and embryo developmental rate in the presence or absence of polar body. However, it is very difficult to describe whether polar body has any effects on embryo development in vitro or in vivo. Further intensive research is needed to determine its function on embryo development.

이 연구의 목적은 뇌성마비 아동에게 앉은 자세에서 현수를 이용하여 체중지지를 해주었을 때 상지기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상자는 뇌성마비 아동 5명과 뇌종양 아동 1명이었다. 연구대상자에게 harness를 착용하여 부분적 체중지지를 하기 전과 착용한 상태에서 손 뻗기 동작을 3차원 동작분석기를 이용하여 어깨관절과 손뻗기 동작에 걸린 시간을 측정하였고, Box and Block 검사를 실시하여 체중지지 전과 착용 시 상지 기능을