Water electrolysis holds great potential as a method for producing renewable hydrogen fuel at large-scale, and to replace the fossil fuels responsible for greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change. To reduce the cost of hydrogen and make it competitive against fossil fuels, the efficiency of green hydrogen production should be maximized. This requires superior electrocatalysts to reduce the reaction energy barriers. The development of catalytic materials has mostly relied on empirical, trial-and-error methods because of the complicated, multidimensional, and dynamic nature of catalysis, requiring significant time and effort to find optimized multicomponent catalysts under a variety of reaction conditions. The ultimate goal for all researchers in the materials science and engineering field is the rational and efficient design of materials with desired performance. Discovering and understanding new catalysts with desired properties is at the heart of materials science research. This process can benefit from machine learning (ML), given the complex nature of catalytic reactions and vast range of candidate materials. This review summarizes recent achievements in catalysts discovery for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The basic concepts of ML algorithms and practical guides for materials scientists are also demonstrated. The challenges and strategies of applying ML are discussed, which should be collaboratively addressed by materials scientists and ML communities. The ultimate integration of ML in catalyst development is expected to accelerate the design, discovery, optimization, and interpretation of superior electrocatalysts, to realize a carbon-free ecosystem based on green hydrogen.

Open source "Boost Lib" in this paper is to propose a distributed processing architecture of the game server, and the server models the whole vertical extension of the load generated by a specific process, the load on the game server for both the horizontal scale model of a typical distributed system, Dispersing the processing game process, and corresponds to the load.Multi-server architecture is distributed into the game world to the local level. Since the distributed server to process by integrating the entire process of the game server divided area, when only a specific process, the throughput increases a load to cause the load itself is transferred, the entire game server the local server is slow. If the load is generated in the specific process in the multi-server architecture must scale the game server or the game server cluster. However, while the load of a particular server extensions are uneconomic to process less meaningless. Therefore, the conventional method of dispersing uniformly without separate operations for all the processes are dispersed to the more process unit will be more and better ways to game services in general reliable service throughout is possible. for all the processes are dispersed to the more process unit will be more and better ways to game services in general reliable service throughout is possible.

최근 도시 재개발에 있어서 재래시장 활성화에 대한 다양한 방법들이 제시되고 있다. 현재 정부에서는 재래시장 활성화를 위하여 2009년까지 4600억의 정부예산과 지방자치단체 자본금을 포함하여 총 8100억 원의 예산 투입을 결정하였다. 그러나 지금까지 진행되고 있는 재래시장 활성화 사업은 환경 개선사업인 리모델링, 건물 부설주차장 설치, 엘리베이터 설치 등에 집중되어 있어 재래시장 자체의 근본적인 문제를 해결하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 재래시장 활성화를 위하여 각 지역의 재래시장 성공사례를 조사하고, 재래시장과 대형마트의 이미지를 평가하여 재래시장의 특성에 맞는 활성화 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 조사방법은 울산시 태화강 주변의 재래시장과 대형마트를 선정하여 진행한다. 설문방법은 재래시장에 대한 시민들의 일반적 견해를 조사하고, 대상지의 사진샘플 추출과 적합한 형용사를 조사하여 SD(semantic differential method)법을 이용하여 재래시장과 대형마트의 인상 차이를 평가한다. 평가된 내용을 바탕으로 재래시장과 대형마트의 특성을 분석하여 재래시장을 활성화 시키기 위한 요인을 추출하고 해석하여 활성화 방향을 모색하고자 한다.

This paper presents the rationale behind a newly-developed and implemented college freshman program designed to improve writing skills and the outcomes after one year running. In line with the current teaching trend of colleges in Korea, this program has several features such as placing the freshmen into different levels based on their writing skills, running class focusing on writing skills and giving a S/U grade. Comparisons between a pre-writing test and two post-writing tests show that this program has contributed to increasing the students’ writing skills. The students’ responses to the questionnaire of the program also endorse the test results. A couple of pedagogical implications concerning EFL writing education are suggested.