Callipogon relictus, a natural monument, is an insect whose life cycle was assumed to take more than 5 years in nature. Winter is a very harsh season, but it is known to be a crucial condition for many insects’ growth. However, no information is known about the overwintering condition and its effects on C. relictus. To understand the overwintering effects on the growth of C. relictus, we investigated the growth patterns of its larvae in indoor conditions after chilling treatment. The larvae were induced to dormancy at low temperature (4°C) for two months, and put them into 10°C for two weeks to break dormancy. After awakening, the temperature was increased 15°C, 20°C to 25°C at a time, and the larvae were kept for two weeks at each temperature. The larvae were divided into 3 groups (3rd to 5th instar, 6th to 8th instar, 9th to last instar). Lastly, head width and weight of the larvae were measured every 30 days under 25°C condition, and mortality and deformity were counted as well. The mortality and deformity rates were the highest in the first group, and the rates decreased toward the last group. On the other hands, growth rate appeared opposite to mortality and deformity rate of each larval group.

본 연구에서는 국내 광릉숲에서 우리나라 천연기념물이자 멸종위기 종인 장수하늘소(Callipogon relictus Semenov)의 새로운 기주식물로 졸참나무(Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray)를 처음 보고한다. 졸참나무 안에서 발견하였던 장수하늘소 유충의 형태학적 측정값과 재검토한 장수하늘소의 기주식물 목록을 제공한다.

An investigation on the habitation of Callipogon relictus Semenov was carried out in Gwangneung forest, Korea and Ussurisky nature reserve, Russia. During the investigation period (2007–2018), a total of 25 emergence holes, 10 pupal chambers, 10 adults, and two larvae of C. relictus were identified in Gwangneung forest. In this presentation, we provide biological information on habitation of C. relictus in Gwangneung forest by comparison and combination of survey results in Ussurisky nature reserve, in 2015 and 2018. In addition, the distribution range of C. relictus is also reviewed in the Korean Peninsula with a new location.

In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial DNA genome of the genus Callipogon based on C.relictus, a natural monument and endangered species in South Korea. The mitogenome is 15,742 base pairs with 13 proteincoding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a 1033 bp long AT-rich region. The overall base composition was67.3% AT and 32.7 GC. Among 13 PCGs, seven genes (Nad2, Atp8, Atp6, Nad4L, Nad6, Cob, Nad1) harbour the typicalstop codon TAA or TAG, whereas remaining five genes terminate with T. Interestingly, Cox3 employs AGA as the terminationcodon.

A diversification of external morphology and genital characteristics among conspecific animal populations that are geographically divided is particularly important to study the context of evolution and it is regarded as the early stage of allopatric speciation. The aim of the present study is to understand the morphological variations of Callipogon relictus Semenov from the three different populations (South Korea, China, Russia) in the Eastern Palaearctic region. A morphometric analysis was performed based on 87 selected external and internal characteristics from 95 specimens. As results of the present study, South Korean specimens shows remarkable morphological differences in genital characteristics compare to Russian ones. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), South Korean and Russian populations are divided into two groups and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis indicate that these two populations have significant differences in 14 morphometric characteristics.

2008년 8월, 중국을 통해 도입된 장수하늘소 1쌍으로부터 인공교미를 시켜 산란을 유도한 결과 총 42개의 알을 확보하였다. 교미와 동시에 산란목에 산란된 알은 30일이 경과된 후, 수거하여 각각 인공사료로 채워진 독립된 용기(온도 20℃, 상대습도 60%, 0L/24D)에서 무휴면 상태로 Growth chamber (SANYO MLR-351H)에서 인공증식을 시도하였다. 총 42개의 알에서 95%(40마리)의 부화율을 나타내었다. 부화한 40마리의 장수하늘소 유충은 1년 후에 32마리(80%), 2년 후에 19마리(59%), 3년 후에 8마리(42%)가 생존하였다. 동일한 사육조건하에서도 장수하늘소의 유충들은 체장과 두폭, 체중 등 각 개체 사이에 상당한 성장력의 차이가 나타났다. 가장 성장이 빠른 그룹 중 3마리의 경우, 2012년 3월초부터 섭식을 중단하고 전용단계에 들어간 후, 2012년 4월 중순에 번데기가 될 때 까지 총 3년 7개월의 기간이 소요되었다. 실험결과 장수하늘소의 1세대는 무휴면 상태에서 난기간은 약 14~20일, 유충기간은 약 1350~1360일(약 3년 7개월), 용기간은 약 21~28일, 성충기간 약 30~37일로 조사되었다. 따라서 장수하늘소의 알에서 성충까지의 최단 발육기간은 상기 실험 조건하에서 총 3년 9개월에서 10개월 정도 소요되는 것으로 나타났다.

Larval stages of Callipogon relictus (Semenov) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a gigantic longhorn beetle designated as a natural monument of Korea, has never been studied as it is hardly discovered in nature. The DNA barcoding gene, mt-COI, was used to identify a dead larva found in the Gwangneung forest of the Korea National Arboretum. Based on the result, we provide the morphology of the immature stage, with the illustrations of diagnostic characteristics.