Recently, as the possibility of unexpected outbreaks of alien insects has increased due to climate change such as global warming, the importance of early control through rapid and accurate spread of exotic forest pest and change prediction diagnosis is required. This study summarizes and reports the followings: the establishment of monitoring strategy for exotic insects by the investigation of species distribution range through field surveys and others, the development of new diagnostic technique through microstructures and life-cycle, the dispersal of exotic insects, and ecological impact assessment using ecological methods and with the expansion of exotic insects and development of ecosystem impact prediction model.

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, a porcelain berry that is a kind of Korean domestic wild berry (Viticeae), has been known to be resistant to diseases and insects. A total of 2,622 unigenes containing 912 contigs and 1,710 singletons were obtained by sequencing 5,839 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones derived from the cDNA library of wild grape, A. brevipedunculata. In the gene ontology analysis, 1,175 genes related to biological process, 1,516 genes related to molecular function, and 1,413 ones related to cell components were annotated. Among the genes showing molecular function, 17 clones were classified into defense-related genes, and 102 were known to be related with responses to stress in plants. Domains, such as leucine-rich repeat, Serine/threonine protein kinase-related, WD40 repeat, EF-hand calcium-binding, pentatricopeptide repeat, and pathogenesis-related transcriptional factor were highly expressed. Genes encoding defense related proteins, such as chitinase, catalase, protein-serine/threonine kinases, were also clustered into an abundant group in cDNAs from A. brevipedunculata. Approximately, 80 simple sequence repeats with 2~5 nucleotides were detected in the cDNAs of A. brevipedunculata. These data could provide useful information for the genetic analysis of wild grapevines and in programs for breeding grape cultivars.

Expressed sequence taqs (ESTs) have accepted to be a valuable tool for discovering single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in many species. For detection putative SNPs in soybean genome, approximately 90,000 EST sequences from genotype Williams 82 were downloaded from NCBI. The paralog sequences of these ESTs were distinguished by TGI clustering tools (TGICL) performing megablast and EST cluster analysis, and the EST clusters were used as reference sequences for detection putative SNPs by in silico. The EST clusters were aligned with EST sequence from other cultivars of soybean by Polybase (computer software). The results revealed that putative SNPs were distributed in 5,677 clusters with frequency of 1 SNP per 333 nucleotide sites. For SNP validation, 43 primer pairs were designed from EST clusters containing putative SNPs for sequencing genomic DNA of Williams 82, Harosoy, Peking, Pureunkong, Jinpumkong 2, Hwangkeumkong and IT182932. From results of sequencing PCR, we totally found 99 SNPs from 33 primer pairs. Twenty-three and 47 out of 99 SNPs showed polymorphisms between Pureunkong and Jinpumkong 2, and Hwangkeumkong and IT182932, respectively. The SNPs discovered from this study can be used for genetic mapping in the four genotypes of soybean.

본 연구에서는 인삼 잎으로부터 정제한 mRNA를 이용하여 cDNA library를 제작하였다. 이 cDNA library로 부터 349개의 에너지 대사 관련 유전자를 선발 하였다. 에너지 대사 관련 유전자의 평균 사이즈는 0.49 kb이며, 에너지 관련 유전자들의 세부 기능별 발현을 분석한 결과 aerobic respiration(48.4%), accessory proteins of electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(17.2%), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis(3.4%), electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(2.9%), respiration(2.0%), glycolysis methylglyoxal byp-ass(1.7%), metabolism of energy reserves(0.6%)와 alcohol fermentation(0.3%)의 분포를 보였다. 인삼 잎에서 발현되는 유전자중 가장 많이 발현된 Chlorophyll a/b binding protein of IhcII type I(36.6%), Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein(6.6%) 등이 발현되었다.