Horse population has been gradually increasing with the growth of the racing industry in Republic of Korea (ROK). Approximately 22,941 horses including native ponies were raised on 1,142 farms in 2006. Great care has been taken to prevent viral, bacterial and parasitic infections in horses. However, there has been few reports on equine infectious anemia (EIA) in ROK until recently since 1987. Therefore, we conducted a serological survey of EIA in ROK from 2007 through 2009. Using the agar gel immunodiffusion test, a total of 2,601 horses were tested in Foreign Animal Disease Division of Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency. This survey found no serological evidence of EIA presence in ROK. Although our surveillance found no evidence of EIA in ROK during the surveillance period, it is possible that EIA could be introduced into ROK in the near future. Increased cooperation between the government and other agencies, such as horse-racing authorities, is important for both the early detection of the disease and the development of effective veterinary and public health strategies.