Goami2, Goami3 and Goami4 were identified as fiber-rich rice cultivars which were developed by mutation breeding with Ilpum. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for producing Makgeolli with the fiber-rich rice cultivars, Goami2, Goami3, Goami4, and to investigate the characteristics of Makgeolli during the fermentation process. Makgeolli was produced herein by fermentation steamed rice (SR), raw rice flour (RF), and steamed rice flour (SF) from Goami2, Goami3, Goami4, Ilpum and Sealgaeng rice cultivars. The physicochemical characteristics including alcohol and sugar content, pH, total acidity, TDF (total dietary fiber), and color of the Makgeolli samples were analyzed. Makgeolli produced with Ilpum and Sealgaeng showed satisfactory fermention characteristics in alcohol and sugar content when SR, RF and SF were used. In the case of Goami2, Goami3, and Goami4, the use of SF resulted in 17.2~20.1% alcohol content, whereas only 10% alcohol was produced by SR. The sugar contents in the SF-makgeolli samples were also higher (9~10˚Brix) than in the SR-makgeolli (5.35~5.44˚Brix) for Goami2 and Goami4 cultivars. The dietary fiber contents of the Makgeolli samples produced using SF from the fiber-rich rice cultivars were higher (1.35~1.52 g/100 mL) than those produced with Ilpum and Sealgaeng (0.74~0.87 g/100 mL). From these results, it may be suggested that SF would be an appropriate material to brew Makgeolli using fiber-rich rice cultivars to obtain better physicochemical and functional qualities.

During the laser-assited endoscopic surgery, the laser light is delivered to the deep tissue or the internal organ using a light transmitting delivery system. It is necessary to modify the direction of the light emission at the distal end of fiber tip for some application of in laser-assisted surgery. The homemade diffusing fiber and the forward firing fiber are used for the endoscopic delivery system of the continuous IR laser into the water rich tissue. The beam emission and the laser-assisted ablation and coagulation pattern were compared for two distinctive fiber systems. The diffusing fiber produced cavity and coagulation zone more or less a circular shape, while the forward fiber produced an elongated cavity and coagulation region. The diffusing fiber produced wider and shorter coagulation and cavity zone compared to that of forward-firing fiber