The imprisonment system has developed together with promotion of the human rights for criminals. Therefore, it appears that the imprisonment system as a humanitarian punishment substituting for physical punishment will continue to exist unless an alternative measure emerges. A human being is given protection for the fundamental human rights even if he or she is a criminal owing to the imprisonment system, and is able to escape from cruel torture and lashing. However, there had been much criticism on whether the human rights of prisoners are properly protected as expected during an execution process of imprisonment performed in a closed space. In addition, much more discussions on whether personal liberty indeed is the focus of freedom of a human being deprived of imprisonment are needed. As a human being is deprived of personal liberty, freedom other than such liberty actually is also deprived or infringed upon. Therefore, much efforts should be exerted on improvement of a disciplinary system and a correctional institution, protection of the right to write, improvement of medical service, and expansion of participation by non-government personnel in order to protect or promote the human rights of convicts within the facility. Although prisoners in the facility are the subject of correction, rehabilitation, and punishment, since they are weak, on the other hand, it is believed that a dispute over the infringement of the human rights will disappear naturally when thinking from their viewpoints and caring for with the same attitude as parents are accepted.

Imprisonment plays and stands the important roles to substitute the pre-modern corporal punishment to the modern punishment systems. The main purpose of imprisonment execution is rehabilitation for convicts by preservation of public peace and reformation education. However, it is not convinced that the current imprisonment system as "ideal punishment" with execution purpose of convicts' rehabilitation has performed satisfactorily. Therefore, reconsideration for restriction of freedom itself should be reflected and an alternative punishment institution for imprisonment shall be searched and studied. From this point of view, it seems criminal policy should head forward to the direction that can control the restriction of freedom as much as possible. This dissertation, hence, reviews the "Materialization and Features of Modern Imprisonment Systems" and examines "Limitations and Controversial Issues of Imprisonment as Criminal Policy". And then, to present the development schemes of Korean execution system, "Successive Adaptation Plans for Limitation of Freedom", "Expansion of Parole System and Application of Probation System" and "Establishment of Correction Agency" are studied. "Successive Adaptation Plans for Limitation of Freedom" exhibits the supervision treatment and open treatment programs; in "Expansion of Parole System and Application of Probation System" section, necessity of close connection between parole and probation systems is emphasized; and "Establishment of Correction Agency" reconsiders the efficiency of reformation administration and asserts the establishment for supervision office to inspire public service personnels morale. In conclusion, to draw out the goals of current criminal policy as it is, imprisonment execution system is inevitable. Nevertheless, pains from restriction of freedom must be mineralized, that is, the system should be the one minimizes the reactions or side effects from isolation from society and personal imprisonment. To do this, from humanitarian, rational and economic points of view, open-reformatory, practical programs of releasing before the expiration of terms and alleviation of unessential regulations are demanded. Steady contacts with society and extension of association scope will relax convicts affliction caused by separation from society and be easy to rehabilitate, accordingly, Korean criminal policy should head forward to the system that emphasizes treatment within society.