The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the food security situation in Cuba using the National Food Security Index (NFSI) and compare it with neighboring countries with geographic and environmental similarities in order to provide policy implications for strengthening food security in Cuba. According to the analysis, Cuba’s food security level is in the NFSI Red Level. It is one of the lowest in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. Analysis of factors affecting food security levels showed that extreme weather events (i.e. high temperatures, heavy rainfall), political instability, and uncertainties such as the COVID-19 pandemic were the main factors threatening food security in 9 LAC countries, including Cuba. Results of this study can be used as a basis for diagnosing and strengthening the food security situation in Cuba. They will be helpful for future international cooperation and linkages between Cuba and Korea, including food aid and agricultural technology cooperation.