The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the food security situation in Cuba using the National Food Security Index (NFSI) and compare it with neighboring countries with geographic and environmental similarities in order to provide policy implications for strengthening food security in Cuba. According to the analysis, Cuba’s food security level is in the NFSI Red Level. It is one of the lowest in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. Analysis of factors affecting food security levels showed that extreme weather events (i.e. high temperatures, heavy rainfall), political instability, and uncertainties such as the COVID-19 pandemic were the main factors threatening food security in 9 LAC countries, including Cuba. Results of this study can be used as a basis for diagnosing and strengthening the food security situation in Cuba. They will be helpful for future international cooperation and linkages between Cuba and Korea, including food aid and agricultural technology cooperation.

This study investigated the antioxidant characteristics of sweet potato according to different plant parts and drying methods. The sweet potato plant parts were divided into root tubers, stems, stalks, leaves, and tips, and the drying methods were freeze-drying and hot air drying. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and radical scavenging activity of the sweet potato plant parts were significantly different depending on the plant parts and drying methods. The total polyphenol content of freeze-dried sweet potato leaves and tips were 52.76 and 46.19 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g sample, and the total flavonoid contents were 222.47 and 214.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g sample, respectively, and decreased with hot air drying. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in freeze-drying than hot air drying and was significantly different depending on the plant parts. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of freeze-dried sweet potato leaves and tips were 43.48 and 44.68 mg Trolox equivalents/g sample, respectively, and decreased with hot air drying. Therefore, additional studies on the functionality of using by-products from sweet potato cultivation are needed.

본 연구는 지역별로 수집한 유채 균핵병 균주에 대해 등록 된 3종의 약제를 사용하여 저항성 검정을 실시하였고, 저항성 발생 가능성이 있는 약제의 작용 기작과 관련한 유전자를 분석하여 변이 유무를 확인하였다. 1. Carbendazim-diethofencarb 약제배지의 경우, 0.1 ppm 농도에서 균사 생장 억제율은 13.3~41.9% 범위로 나타났으며, 1 ppm 이상의 농도에서는 모든 균주에서 96.1% 억제율을 보여 균주의 저항성이 확인되지 않았다. 2. Fludioxonil 약제배지는 0.1 ppm 농도에서 균사의 생장이 94.2% 이상 억제되었으며, 1 ppm 농도에서부터 100%의 억제 율을 보여 가장 약제 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타나 수집한 모든 균주에서 약제의 감수성을 확인하였다. 3. Boscalid 약제배지는 앞선 2종의 약제에 비해 균주의 균사 생장 억제가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 특히 10 ppm 농도에서 무안 수집 균주는 93.9%, 나주 수집 균주는 79.3%로 지역 간 차이가 있었으며, 1000 ppm의 높은 약제 농도에서도 균사의 생장을 100%까지 억제하지 못해 약제에 대한 균주의 저항성 발생 가능성을 추측하였다. 4. 3종의 시험 약제 농도별 균핵병 균주의 균사 생장을 50% 억제하는 농도(EC50)를 분석한 결과, Fludioxonil, Carbendazim-diethofencarb, Boscalid 약제순이었으며, 그 값은 각각 0.06, 0.16, 0.43 ppm으로 나타났다. 5. 또한, 3종의 시험 약제 농도별 발생한 균주의 균핵 형성 능력은 1 ppm 농도에서 Carbendazim-diethofencarb는 5.6개, Fludioxonil은 0개로 나타난 반면, Boscalid는 최대 11.3개의 균핵이 형성되어 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 6. Boscalid 약제에 대한 균주의 저항성을 확인하기 위해 해당 약제의 작용 기작인 SDHI와 관련된 유전자 SdhB를 염기 서열 분석하였다. 염기서열 분석 결과 무안 및 부산에서 수집 한 균주의 경우 SdhB 표준 염기서열과 일치하여 감수성이었으나, 나주, 당진, 제주, 영암에서 수집한 균주는 32번째 염기 가 C→T로 치환되어 GCA(Alanine)→GTA(Valine) 점 돌연변이를 확인하였다.

본 실험은 삼채에 발생하는 점박이응애의 효율적인 약제방제전략의 기초 자료를 확보하고자 시판되고 있는 10종의 살비제에 대해 약제감 수성과 포장 방제효과를 평가하였다. 점박이응애 암컷 성충에 대한 실내감수성 평가 결과 Abamectin EC, Pyflubumide SC, Cyenopyrafen SC, Acequinocyl SC가 100%의 살비효과를 나타내었고, Pyflubumide SC, Acequinocyl SC, Etoxazole SC는 부화율이 0%로 나타나 100% 의 살란효과를 나타내었다. 실내감수성 평가에서 살비효과가 우수했던 Abamectin EC, Pyflubumide SC, Cyenopyrafen SC, Cyflumetofen SC, Acequinocyl SC를 대상으로 포장검정을 평가한 결과, 약제처리 7일차에서 모든 처리구는 90.3% 이상의 방제가를 나타내었다.

This study was conducted to induce the effective counterplan of odor management in the Sihwa industrial complex(SIC) utilizing to CALPUFF model with sensory odor. The CALPUFF model was applied to simulate a sensory odor, and was evaluated for odor applicability and the distribution status of odor in SIC was predicted. The simulated concentration showed lower than observed concentration but the prediction of odor was so excellent. The simulation result of CALPUFF model for SIC showed that annual mean odor unit was 5∼7 OU/㎥ (min. 3 OU/㎥, max. 25 OU/㎥). The annual mean odor unit in residential area was not high as 1∼3 OU/㎥ but was predicted to be affected by the weather status in the industrial complex. The odor emission sources of high concentration were distributed in the seashore. Therefore the management of the high concentration sources will be further demanded.

In order to improve the management of food waste treatment facility, this study investigated the emission characteristics of odorous compounds around treatment process and deodorization equipment of three food waste treatment facilities(the transformation, feed production and composting facility). Furthermore, the removal experiment of odorous compounds using various absorbent was conducted. The odor concentrations of food waste storage hopper and separation process were higher than other processes and the major odorous compounds were methyl mercaptan, acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The odor removal efficiencies of deodorization equipment such as activated carbon tower, wet scrubber and biofilter were mostly insufficient. Especially, the removal efficiency of wet scrubber is lower than the others, therefore the improvement of optimal operating condition is required. As a result of removal experiment of various absorbent, the removal efficiency was over 98% in case of 1% H₂SO₄+K₂HPO₄ for ammonia, KMnO₄ for acetaldehyde and KMnO₄ and 5% NaOH+KH₂PO₄ for hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan. To achieve the effective odor control of food waste treatment facility, it is necessary increasing the removal efficiency of scrubber by using optimal absorbent for target odorous compounds.

We studied an analytical method for 4 organic acids will be regulated in 2010 using on-line thermal desorber with gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector. Results for each compounds showed good linearity(r² ＞ 0.99) and good precision(RSD ＜ 3%). Minimum detection limit values are about 2~3ppb when we sampled 1.5 L. These values will be reduced to 0.4~0.5 ppb when sampling 10L. We analyzed the 56 ozone precursor standard gas using the same method to see if there are any peaks to be overlapped in ambient air and the results showed that there is no peak overlapped. The linearity, precision and MDL in this study satisfied the guideline of Korean standard method for 4 organic acids. This analytical method in this study could be utilized effectively as on-line monitoring instrument to detect 4 organic acids.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the odor exhaust characteristics of Sihwa and Banwol industrial complex during one year in 2007 by the automatic odor analyzer. As the continuous monitoring results on the 54 odor items, the highest average concentrations in two complexes were p-diethylbenzene, ammonia, toluene and methylethylketone. The items haven highest contribution rate in Sihwa and Banwol industrial complex were Dimethyl sulfide, i-Valerie acid, i-Valer aldehyde, Valerie acid, Trimethylamine and Etylmercaptan, Hydrogen sulfide, Dimethyl sulfide, Formaldehyde, Trimethylamine. When the odor concentrations converted into the total odor intensity, The percentages of hour data appeared over 3 degree of odor intensity were 0.5% (40 hr) in Sihwa station and 3.0% (210 hr) in Banwol station, respectively. Over 1 degree of odor intensity which is odor threshold value also were 68.3% in sihwa station and 82.5% in Banwol station, respectively. The highest monthly odor intensity was shown in January and February. Therefore, continuous monitoring system for odor compounds through the odor automatic station seems to be the most efficient method for investigating odor exhaust characteristics.

In this study, the removal efficiency of 24 odorous compounds was measured in diverse control process units of 7 individual chemical companies located in Ban-Wall & Shi-Wha Industrial Complex in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from March to August, 2007. To quantify the removal efficiency rates of major odorous compounds, we collected odor samples from the inside process and both the front and rear side of 7 control process units. As the results of this study, it was shown that toluene, ammonia, trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde were dominant odorous compounds in the inside process. In addition, VOCs, TMA and acetaldehyde were also detected at higher concentrations in the stacks and 10 (toluene, acetone, ethyl benzene, xylene etc.) out of 24 index compounds were found to have negative removal efficiencies. According to the removal efficiency evaluation of seven odor control facilities, a company equipped with two connected absorption processes was shown to have positive (＋) removal efficiencies for 16 odor substances and NH₃, TMA, acetaldehyde, the priority odor substances, which meant the proper control system was installed and operated. Hence, to obtain best removal efficiency of odorous pollutant emission, the database on source characteristics and the development of management techniques of diverse control process units are continually needed.

Formaldehyde is important because of its irritant and toxic properties, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, In this study, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used for the analysis of formaldehyde after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and minimum detection limit were evaluated. The linearity (r²) was 0.9999 when analyte concentration ranges from 50 to 400 ㎍/L. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 0.83% for the concentration of 400 ㎍/L, and the minimum detection limit (MDL) was 0.27 ppbv. We investigated the distribution of formaldehyde concentrations based on a total of 96 samples(industrial area : 32, complex boundary line : 32, affected (residential) area : 32) measured at the Shi-Hwa industrial complex from April to October 2006. By the statistical analysis of these measurement data, the average level of formaldehyde from industrial area, complex boundary line, and affected area was 2.7, 2.1, and 2.2 ppb during the daytime (10:00~16:00), and 1.4, 1.1, and 1.6 ppb during the nighttime (19:30~23:00), respectively. And also, we investigated the emission concentrations of formaldehyde from various emission sources of 33 individual companies located in the Shi-Hwa industrial complex from September to November 2006. The results of our study showed that the emission concentrations of formaldehyde greatly varied according to industrial and source types. The emission concentrations of formaldehyde showed in the descending oder of 11.4 ppm for insulation cable process, 2.0 ppm for sand casting process, 1.7 ppm for synthesis rubber process, and 1.3 ppm for hexamine process.

가을에 파종한 사초용유채(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera cv. Swiss)의 생육기간 동안의 질소대사와 관련하여 건물수량 및 조단백질의 축적정도를 규명하기 위해. 생육기간중 수량 및 조단백질 함량을 측정하고, 엽내 carbon, nitrogen 및 hydrogen 함량을 비교. 분석하였다. 월동기인 '91년 11월 7일부터 '92년 2월 4일 동안의 생초량 및 건물량의 축적은 매우 적었으며, 엽내 C함량은 건물 1g당 382mg

최근 아이슬란드, 칠레, 인도네시아 등 세계 각지에서 화산 폭발이 발생하여 대규모 인명피해, 재산피해 및 항공운항 중단등의 피해가 발생하였다. 또한 일본 미야기현(宮城縣)에서 2011년 3월에 쓰나미가 발생하여 한반도의 지진 발생 및 화산 재해에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 국내에는 화산분화에 대한 대응책이 미비하고 국가 차원의 화산대응정책 수립을 통해 화산재해 사전 경감을 위한 대응 체계 구축이 필요한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 백두산 화산 폭발시 발생하는 화산재가 산업에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 화산재에 의한 국내외 피해 사례를 조사하여 우리나라의 산업피해를 예상하고 대응 방안 및 관리기준을 마련하고자 한다. 또한 아이슬란드의 에이야프얄라요쿨(Eyjafjallajökull)화산, 칠레의 차이텐(Chaitén) 화산, 일본의 신모에다케(新燃岳) 화산 폭발 피해 사례 등을 조사하였으며 각 화산 폭발로 인한 1차·3차 산업의 피해 현황을 비교·분석하였다. 그리고 국내의 경우 화산재에 대한 피해 현황 자료의 부재로 유사재해인 황사에 대한 피해 및 관리 기준등을 조사하였고, 주 화산 피해 발생 국가의 화산재 대응 관리 기준 조사를 통하여 우리나라의 백두산 화산 폭발시 화산재 피해 대응 방향을 제시하였다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 백두산 화산 폭발로 인해 발생하는 화산재에 의한 산업분야별 관리기준 및 대응 방안 개발을 진행하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

우리나라의 기후변화영향은 전 세계 평균보다 빠르게 진행되는 추세이며, 최근 기후변화 영향으로 도시에서의 재해는 대형화, 다양화, 일상화되고 있다. 따라서 국토해양부는 국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률(3조)를 개정하여 도시계획을 통해 기후변화에 대응하고 풍수해를 저감하여 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호할 수 있는 근거를 마련하였다. 특히, 광역도시계획, 도시기본계획, 도시관리계획 수립지침을 개정하여 도시계획 시 재해 취약성 분석 결과를 반영하도록 제도화하였다. 본 연구에서는 자연재해(홍수, 가뭄, 폭염, 폭설, 강풍, 해수면상승) 중 홍수에 대한 기존의 취약성 분석 방법론을 개선하여 분석 결과를 시스템화하고, 이를 도시관리계획에 활용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

The aim of this work is to assess the safety of fungicide tolclofos-methyl, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin in ginseng sprayed by safe use guideline. When tolclofos-methyl was sprayed on ginseng by safe use guideline, the residue amounts (MRL) of it in ginseng was 0.13 mg/kg which is below than 0.3 mg/kg, maximum residue limit established by Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). The residue amounts of ginseng parts, head part was 0.37 mg/kg and main body part was 0.13 mg/kg. In case of difenoconazole, the residue amounts in ginseng was 0.81 mg/kg. which was exceed the MRL, 0.2 mg/kg. By the analyze results of ginseng part, the residues of head and main body part were 3.01 and 0.40 mg/kg, respectively. In experiment of vinyl mulching, the residue amount of difenoconazole in ginseng was 0.05 mg/kg. The residue amounts of azoxystrobin in ginseng sprayed by safe use guideline was 0.14 mg/kg. This residue was not exceed the MRL 0.5 mg/kg. The residue amounts by ginseng parts was 0.51 mg/kg for head part and 0.28 mg/kg for main body part. In case of vinyl mulching, the residue amount of azoxystrobin was 0.02 mg/kg.

ILLUDAS-NPS 모형은 초기강우에 의한 수질항목별 오염부하량 및 농도계산을 위하여 개발하였다. 이 모형은 국내의 도시지역 유출해석에 주로 사용되는 ILLUDAS 모형에 건기 및 우기시의 수질해석 과정들을 추가한 것으로써 건기시의 경우 유량 및 수질 계산은 계수지정법을 사용하였으며, 우기시의 경우 유량 계산은 기존 ILLUDAS 모형의 알고리즘, 수질 계산은 일일 오염물 축적법과 쓸림방정식을 적용하여 계산시간별 오염물질 부하량 및 농도 등을 계산하였

이 연구에서는 다양한 강우조건에 따른 도시유출모형, SWMM의 매개변수들이 계산 결과치에 주는 민감도를 분석하였으며 이를 위해 3개 배수구역에 대하여 모형을 적용하였다. 첨두 유출량에 대한 민감도는 (=1.0-(첨두유출량의 최소값()/첨두유출량의 최대값()))로 나타내었으며 강우 조건으로서는 강우규모, 강우지속시간, 강우분포 등의 3가지를 채택하였다. 강우조건의 변화에 따라 전반적으로는 불투수면적비, 관로경사, 초기침투능 등이 계산 결과치에 주는 민감