As the web game market grows, ensuring service stability through load testing has become increasingly important. Web games comprise a variety of functions with distinct internal logic, ranging from simple data retrieval to complex transaction processing. Therefore, a comparative performance analysis of load-testing tools that accounts for these functional characteristics is crucial for achieving reliable and efficient service operation. This paper evaluates the performance of four widely used load-testing tools—JMeter, k6, Gatling, and Locust—under representative web-game workloads. To emulate realistic database read and write patterns, we implement the core server logic of the web game Pokerogue in a cloud environment rather than simply issuing HTTP requests. We classified workload patterns into write-intensive, read-intensive, and mixed types using distributed tracing, and measured request-generation capability and system resource consumption across five key game functions. Our experiments show that each tool demonstrates distinct strengths depending on the characteristics of individual web-game functions. Specifically, k6 demonstrated high request-generation performance in write-intensive scenarios, while JMeter showed strong performance in read-oriented tasks; Gatling exhibited efficient memory usage in mixed workloads, whereas Locust proved suitable for resource-constrained environments. These results indicate that the selection of a load-testing tool should be informed not only by its request-generation performance but also by the workload characteristics of the target game function. By systematically analyzing function-specific workload patterns together with the performance and resource-usage behavior of each tool, this study aims to provide empirical evidence that can be usefully applied in practical load-testing workflows for web-game services.

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of block pavements using multi-load level falling weight deflectometer (FWD) deflections. METHODS: Recently, block pavements are employed not only in sidewalks, but also in roadways. For the application of block pavements in roadways, the structural capacities of subbase and subgrade are important factors that support the carry traffic load. Multi-load level FWD testing was conducted on block pavements to analyze their nonlinear behavior. The deflection ratio due to the increase in load was analyzed to estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. Finite element method with nonlinear soil model was applied to simulate the actual nonlinear behavior of the block pavement under different levels of load. RESULTS: The results of the FWD testing show that the center deflections in block pavements are approximately ten times greater than that in asphalt pavements. The deflection ratios of the block pavement due to the increase in the load range from 1.2 to 1.5, indicating that the deflection increased by 20~50%. The material coefficients of the nonlinear soil model were determined by comparing the measured deflections with the predicted deflections using the finite element method. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the nonlinear behavior of block pavements was reviewed using multi-load level FWD testing. The deflection ratio proposed in this study can estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. The use of nonlinear soil model in subbase and subgrade increases the accuracy of predicting deflections in finite element method.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the behavior of orthotropic steel bridge deck pavement using three-dimensional finite element analysis and full-scale wheel load testing. METHODS: Since the layer thickness and material properties used in the bridge deck pavement are different from its condition, it is very difficult to measure and access the behavior of bridge deck pavement in the field. To solve this problem, the full-scale wheel load testing was conducted on the PSMA/Mastic bridge deck pavement and the deflection of bridge deck and horizontal tensile strain on top of pavement were measured under the loading condition. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to predict the behavior of bridge deck pavement and the predicted deflection and tensile strain values are compared with measured values from the wheel loading testing. RESULTS: Test results showed that the predicted deflections are 10% lower than measured ones and the error between predicted and measured horizontal tensile strain values is less than 2% in the critical location. CONCLUSIONS: The fact indicates that the proposed the analysis is found to be accurate for estimating the behavior of bridge deck pavements.

본 연구에서는 강거더 연속교에 대해 국내외 설계기준에 규정되어 있는 활하중으로 인한 충격계수를 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 대부분의 도로교의 설계기준에서는 도로교의 경우 충격계수를 약 0.3 정도의 값으로 규정하고 있으나, 연속교의 경우에는 명확한 규정 및 명시가 없는 상황이다. 그러므로 단순교에 적용되는 충격계수를 연속교에 동일하게 적용하는 것이 일반적이다. 이 연구에서는 현장실험을 통해 연속교의 충격계수가 단순교에 적용되는 경우와 같이 사용될 수 있는지를 검증하였다. 현장실험 결과 얻어진 충격계수는 2차선 교량에서 1대의 만재트럭이 통과했을 경우 가장 하중이 많이 작용한 거더에서 0.2 이내의 충격계수가 계측되었으며, 2개의 차선을 통시에 만재트럭이 통과한 경우 그 충격계수는 0.05 이내의 값을 얻었다.

이 연구의 목적은 재하 실험을 통해 교량설계기준에 규정되어 있는 횡방향 활하중 분배계수에 대해 연속교에 대해 적응이 가능한지를 검증하는 것이다. 기존의 유한요소해석을 이용한 해석적인 연구에서 설계기준에 규정되어 있는 횡방향 분배계수가 매우 보수적이며 정모멘트구역과 부모멘트 구역에서 활하중의 분배 형태는 유사하다는 결론을 얻었다, 재하실험을 통해 변형율을 계측하고 유한요소해석의 결과와 비교해 본 결과, 대부분의 경우 실험에서 얻어진 변형율이 해석 결과보다 작았다. 특히 이상적인 조건을 가정하고 행해진 구조해석 결과는 상대적으로 외측 거더에 작용한 휨모멘트를 과다 평가하였으며 따라서 구조해석 결과에서 얻어진 횡방향분배계수는 계측결과와 비교해 볼 때 보수적이지 않다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 실험 결과 또한 1개의 교량의 부모멘트구역에서 AASHTO LRFD에서 규정한 값을 초과하는 횡방향분배계수가 계측되었다. 따라서 AASHTO LRFD를 이용하여 연속거더교의 각 거더에 작용하는 활하중 모멘트 산정시에는 주의가 필요하다고 판단할 수 있다. 이에 반해 AASHTO Standard 식은 재하실험 결과 예외 없이 매우 보수적임을 검증하였다.