Labour migration is an important global issue that largely affects the labour market. Malaysia is among the popular destination countries for labour migration in Asia. The number of migrant workers that consist of documented and undocumented workers is increasing every year due to rapid economic development that captivates job seekers from undeveloped countries. In this regard, migrant workers frequently fall into the trap of unscrupulous employers who exploit them for their own interests. These employers do not pay their wages as promised and deny them their employment rights. This case is basically treated as ‘forced labour’ or ‘human trafficking’ by the Malaysian authority. This paper identifies the Malaysia’s legal framework of the employment of migrant workers. In addition, how to address the infringed rights of migrant workers is discussed in this paper. Although the framework deems comprehensive, it further recommends a stringent and fair law enforcement to combat exploitation towards migrant workers.

The importance and extent of the migration phenomenon, affecting as it does huge numbers of people the world over cannot be overemphasized. Coming from third world countries, poverty-stricken and strangers in foreign lands, migrant workers irrespective of country of origin indeed become vulnerable to oppression and exploitation and all kinds of abuses. The question that needs to be addressed continues to be whether or not the existing ILO Conventions and Recommendations as well as the core international human rights treaties together with the International Convention on Migrant Workers have been adequately implemented in order to effectively address the problems related to the promotion and protection of migrant workers’rights. Given the flood of unabated reports and complaints of abuses and exploitation that migrant workers the world over have to suffer and contend with, the answer is quite obvious. While bilateral and multilateral agreements continue to serve the specific concerns of sending and receiving States pertinent to the protection of the rights of migrant workers, the real need is for a continent-wide forum in Asia which can eventually consolidate all mechanisms and measures that will promote and protect the rights of migrant workers in a truly comprehensive and integrated manner.

The present study investigated the patients’ lexicons in unfolding migrant worker-domestic doctor interactions at a free-of-charge medical center for migrants (Center B) against those at a large general hospital (Hospital A) and those at another small free-of-charge hospital (Hospital C). In so doing, the focus was on the patients’ lexicons at Center B against those at the other institutions. Overall, the data at Center B consisted of approximately 80 consultations that the researcher himself participant-observed and audiorecorded at the three institutions over a span of two years. A qualitative investigation of the patients’ lexicons at Center B demonstrated that the patients who visited Center B initiated far more advanced scientific terminologies. Also, they adopted more nominalized forms, The lexical content and form appeared to result from the fact that the migrant patients were advanced degree seekers in agriculture, engineering, and science. Thus, the patients’ lexicons at Center B illustrated that the finding of the previous studies which argued that the patients at free-of-charge clinics were mostly unskilled laborers were oversimplistic and even stereotyping. The present study proposes a more critical applied linguistic study of migrant patient-domestic doctor consultations.

Purpose: This study explores how demographic transitions with workforce implications taking place in South Korea are affecting the job market, and proposes a novel conceptual model to analyze the increased role that migrant workers will play as the changes progress in the medium term. Research design, data and methodology: A qualitative approach based on the available published data is used in order to create a conceptual model that could be used to determine the order in which job sector strata will be gradually taken over by migrant workers, as the demographic transitions will create an increasing need for workforce reforms. Results: The study determines that migrant workers will replace domestic Korean workers in a stratified manner, initially in rural areas, followed by regional cities and then in the industrial areas on the edges of big cities, and the strata can be analyzed based on a proposed four-category model to determine where the opportunities will open. Conclusion: It is possible to use a conceptual model for this phenomenon. Extensive Government planning is needed to avoid possible social exclusion problems and to determine how to keep the economies of rural and regional Korean cities economically viable while they are becoming increasingly depopulated.

본 연구는 노동이주에서 유학이주로 재입국한 외국인 이주자가 정체성을 어떻게 확립하 는가를 살펴보고 생애사를 재구성하였다. 이러한 문제의식은 점차 복잡화되고 장기화되는 한국 사회 이주현상을 이해하기 위해 개별 사례들을 연구할 필요성에서 출발한다. 네팔에 서 고등학교를 졸업 후 한국에 온 이주자는 노동이주 기간 동안 문화적 충격과 신체적 폭 력 경험하였고, 기독교 문화를 접하면서 기독교로 개종을 하고 기독교인들과의 관계망을 형성하여 한국 사회 적응하였으며 이후 신학 공부를 위해 재이주하였다. 유학이주를 준비 하기 위해 네팔에 있는 동안 이주자는 한국과 네팔 두 사회를 비교하면서 한국의 경제 발 전의 원동력에 관심을 두었다. 이후 한국에서 학사부터 박사학위 수료까지의 유학 경험을 통해 그는 교육과 종교를 한국 경제 발전의 요인으로 파악하였다. 외국인 노동자에서 외국 인 유학생과 한국 교회 내 전도사로써 신분과 역할이 바뀌면서 네팔인 이주자는 자신의 교육적․신분적 성취를 통하여 ‘애국심과 신앙심 심어’ 네팔 발전에 봉사할 능력 있는 인 재를 양성하기 위해 스스로를 종교인-교육자로 준비시켰다. 이 사례는 국가 발전을 추구하 는 교육 이데올로기가 이주자를 매개로 한국보다 덜 산업화된 국가에 전파되고 있음을 보 여준다.